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***Ohio Social Studies Standards Online Link.
(June 2010)
OHIO’S NEW LEARNING STANDARDS - Social Studies Grade Seven
THEME: WORLD STUDIES FROM 750 B.C. TO 1600 A.D.: ANCIENT GREECE TO THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE.
The seventh-grade year is an integrated study of world history, beginning with ancient Greece and continuing through global exploration. All four social studies strands are used to illustrate how historic events are shaped by geographic, social, cultural, economic and political factors. Students develop their understanding of how ideas and events from the past have shaped the world today.
TOPIC: HISTORICAL THINKING AND SKILLS EARLY CIVILIZATIONS FEUDALISM AND TRANSITIONS FIRST GLOBAL AGE
HISTORY STRAND - Content Statements:
1. Historians and archaeologists describe historical events and issues from the perspectives of people living at the time to avoid evaluating the past in terms of today’s norms and values.
2. The civilizations that developed in Greece and Rome had an enduring impact on later civilizations. This legacy includes governance and law, engineering and technology, art and architecture, as well as literature and history. The Roman Empire also played an instrumental role in the spread of Christianity.
3. Germanic invasions helped to break up the Roman Empire and set the stage for the development of feudal and manorial systems. Later invasions helped establish Mongol dominance in central Asia and led to the destruction of the Byzantine Empire by the Turks.
4. Mongol influence led to unified states in China and Korea, but the Mongol failure to conquer Japan allowed a feudal system to persist.
5. Achievements in medicine, science, mathematics and geography by the Islamic civilization dominated most of the Mediterranean after the decline of the Roman Empire. These achievements were introduced into Western Europe as a result of the Muslim conquests, Crusades and trade, influencing the European Renaissance.
6. The Renaissance in Europe introduced revolutionary ideas, leading to cultural, scientific and social changes.
7. The Reformation introduced changes in religion including the emergence of Protestant faiths and a decline in the political power and social influence of the Roman Catholic Church.
8. Empires in Africa (Ghana, Mali and Songhay) and Asia (Byzantine, Ottoman, Mughal and China) grew as commercial and cultural centers along trade routes.
9. The advent of the trans- Saharan slave trade had profound effects on both West and Central Africa and the receiving societies.
10. European economic and cultural influence dramatically increased through explorations, conquests and colonization.
11. The Columbian Exchange (e.g., the exchange of fauna, flora and pathogens) among previously unconnected parts of the world reshaped societies in ways still evident today.
TOPIC: SPATIAL THINKING AND SKILLS HUMAN SYSTEMS
GEOGRAPHY STRAND - Content Statements:
12. Maps and other geographic representations can be used to trace the development of human settlement over time.
13. Geographic factors promote or impede the movement of people, products and ideas.
14. Trade routes connecting Africa, Europe and Asia fostered the spread of technology and major world religions.
15. Improvements in transportation, communication and technology have facilitated cultural diffusion among peoples around the world.
TOPIC: CIVIC PARTICIPATION AND SKILLS ROLES AND SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT STRAND - Content Statements:
16. The ability to understand individual and group perspectives is essential to analyzing historic and contemporary issues.
17. Greek democracy and the Roman Republic were radical departures from monarchy and theocracy, influencing the structure and function of modern democratic governments.
18. With the decline of feudalism, consolidation of power resulted in the emergence of nation states.
TOPIC: ECONOMIC DECISION MAKING AND SKILLS SCARCITY MARKETS
ECONOMICS STRAND - Content Statements:
19. Individuals, governments and businesses must analyze costs and benefits when making economic decisions. A cost- benefit analysis consists of determining the potential costs and benefits of an action and then balancing the costs against the benefits.
20. The variability in the distribution of productive resources in the various regions of the world contributed to specialization, trade and interdependence.
21. The growth of cities and empires fostered the growth of markets. Market exchanges encouraged specialization and the transition from barter to monetary economies.
(June 2010)
OHIO’S NEW LEARNING STANDARDS - Social Studies Grade Eight
THEME: U.S. STUDIES FROM 1492 TO 1877: EXPLORATION THROUGH RECONSTRUCTION.
The historical focus continues in the eighth grade with the study of European exploration and the early years of the United States. This study incorporates all four social studies strands into a chronologic view of the development of the United States. Students examine how historic events are shaped by geographic, social, cultural, economic and political factors.
TOPIC: HISTORICAL THINKING AND SKILLS COLONIZATION TO INDEPENDENCE A NEW NATION EXPANSION CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION
HISTORY STRAND - Content Statement:
1. Primary and secondary sources are used to examine events from multiple perspectives and to present and defend a position.
2. North America, originally inhabited by American Indians, was explored and colonized by Europeans for economic and religious reasons.
3. Competition for control of territory and resources in North America led to conflicts among colonizing powers.
4. The practice of race- based slavery led to the forced migration of Africans to the American colonies. Their knowledge and traditions contributed to the development of those colonies and the United States.
5. The ideas of the Enlightenment and dissatisfaction with colonial rule led English colonists to write the Declaration of Independence and launch the American Revolution.
6. The outcome of the American Revolution was national independence and new political, social and economic relationships for the American people.
7. Problems arising under the Articles of Confederation led to debate over the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.
8. Actions of early presidential administrations established a strong federal government, provided peaceful transitions of power and repelled a foreign invasion.
9. The United States added to its territory through treaties and purchases.
10. Westward expansion contributed to economic and industrial development, debates over sectional issues, war with Mexico and the displacement of American Indians.
11. Disputes over the nature of federalism, complicated by economic developments in the United States, resulted in sectional issues, including slavery, which led to the American Civil War.
12. The Reconstruction period resulted in changes to the U.S. Constitution, an affirmation of federal authority and lingering social and political differences.
OHIO’S NEW LEARNING STANDARDS I Social Studies 26 TOPIC: SPATIAL THINKING AND SKILLS HUMAN SYSTEMS
GEOGRAPHY STRAND - Content Statement:
13. Modern and historical maps and other geographic tools are used to analyze how historic events are shaped by geography.
14. The availability of natural resources contributed to the geographic and economic expansion of the United States, sometimes resulting in unintended environmental consequences.
15. The movement of people, products and ideas resulted in new patterns of settlement and land use that influenced the political and economic development of the United States.
16. Cultural biases, stereotypes and prejudices had social, political and economic consequences for minority groups and the population as a whole.
17. Americans began to develop a common national identity among its diverse regional and cultural populations based on democratic ideals.
TOPIC: CIVIC PARTICIPATION AND SKILLS ROLES AND SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT STRAND - Content Statements:
18. Participation in social and civic groups can lead to the attainment of individual and public goals.
19. Informed citizens understand how media and communication technology influence public opinion.
20. The U.S. Constitution established a federal system of government, a representative democracy and a framework with separation of powers and checks and balances.
21. The U.S. Constitution protects citizens’ rights by limiting the powers of government.
TOPIC: ECONOMIC DECISION MAKING AND SKILLS PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION MARKETS FINANCIAL LITERACY
ECONOMICS STRAND - Content Statement:
22. Choices made by individuals, businesses and governments have both present and future consequences.
23. The Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the means of production as a result of improvements in technology, use of new power resources, the advent of interchangeable parts and the shift from craftwork to factory work.
24. Governments can impact markets by means of spending, regulations, taxes and trade barriers.
25. The effective management of one’s personal finances includes using basic banking services (e.g., savings accounts and checking accounts) and credit.
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