OBJECTIVES (I Can Statements)
I Can Statements for Introduction- Chapter 1:
- State the goals of science
- Describe the steps used in scientific methodology.
- Explain how scientific attitudes generate new ideas.
- Describe the importance of peer review.
- Explain what a scientific theory is.
- Explain the relationship between science and society.
- List the characteristics of living things.
- Identify the central themes of Biology.
- Explain how life can be studied at different levels.
- Discuss the importance of a universal system of measurement
I Can Statements for Biochemistry- Chapter 2:
- Identify the three subatomic particles found in atoms.
- Explain how all of the isotopes of an element are similar and how they are different.
- Explain how Compounds are different from their component elements.
- Describe the two main types of chemical bonds.
- Discuss the unique properties of water.
- Differentiate between solutions and suspensions.
- Explain what acidic and basic solutions are.
- Describe the unique qualities of Carbon
- Describe the structures and functions of each of the four groups of macromolecules
- Explain how chemical reactions affect chemical bonds
- Describe how energy changes affect how easily a chemical reaction will occur
- Explain why enzymes are important to living things
I Can Statements for Ecology- Chapters 34, 36, 37, 38.1-38.4:
- Describe the study of ecology
- Explain how biotic and abiotic factors influence an ecosystem
- Describe the methods used to study ecology
- Define primary producers
- Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients
- Trace the flow of energy through living systems
- Identify the three types of ecological pyramids
- Describe how matter cycles among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem
- Describe how water cycles through the biosphere
- Explain why nutrients are important in living systems
- Describe how the availability of nutrients affects the productivity of ecosystems
- Differentiate between weather and climate
- Identify the factors that influence climate
- Define niche
- Describe the role competition plays in shaping communities
- Describe the role predation and herbivory play in shaping communities
- Identify three types of symbiotic relationships in nature
- Describe how ecosystems recover from a disturbance
- Compare succession after a natural disaster with succession after a human caused disturbance
- Describe and compare the characteristics of the major land biomes
- Identify the areas that are not classified into a major biome
- List the characteristics used to describe a population
- Identify factors that affect population growth
- Describe exponential and Logistic growth
- Identify factors that determine carrying capacity
- Identify the limiting factors that depend on population density
- Identify the limiting factors that do not depend on population density
- Discuss the trend of human population growth
- Explain why population growth rates differ in countries throughout the world
- Describe human activities that can affect the biosphere
- Describe the relationship between resource use and sustainable development
- Describe how human activities affect soil and land
- Describe how human activities affect water resources
- Describe how human activities affect air resources
- Define biodiversity and explain its value
- Identify current threats to biodiversity
- Describe how biodiversity can be preserved
I Can Statements for Cells- Chapter 4 & 5:
- State the cell theory
- Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- Describe the structure and function of the cell nucleus
- Describe the role of vacuoles, lysosomes, and the cytoskeleton
- Identify the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus in making proteins
- Describe the function of the chloroplasts and mitochondria in the cell
- Describe the function of the cell membrane
- Compare and contrast active and passive transport
- Explain how unicellular and multicellular organisms maintain homeostasis
I Can Statements for Cellular Respiration- Chapter 6:
-Describe the role of ATP in Cellular activities
-Explain where plants get the energy they need to produce food
-Explain the role of light and pigments in photosynthesis
-Explain the role of electron carrier molecules in photosynthesis
-State the overall equation for photosynthesis
-Describe what happens during the light dependent reactions
-Describe what happens during the Calvin Cycle
-Identify factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs
I Can Statements for Photosynthesis- Chapter 7:
-Explain where organisms get the energy the need for life processes.
-Define cellular respiration
-Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration
-Describe what happens during glycolysis.
-Describe what happens during the Krebs cycle
-Explain how high-energy electrons are used by the electron transport chain
-Identify how much ATP cellular respiration generates
-Explain how organisms get energy in the absence of oxygen
I Can Statements for Cell Division- Chapter 8:
-Explain the problems that growth causes for cells
-Compare sexual and asexual reproduction
-Describe the role of chromosomes in cell division
-Name the main events of the cell cycle
-Describe what happens during the four phases of mitosis
-Describe the process of cytokinesis
-Describe how the cell cycle is regulated
-Explain how cancer cells are different form other cells
I Can Statements for Inheritance- Chapter 9:
-Describe Mendel’s studies and conclusions about inheritance
-Describe what happens during segregation
-Explain how geneticists use the principles of probability to make Punnett squares
-Explain the principle of independent assortment
-Explain how Mendel’s principles apply to all organisms
-Describe the relationship between genes and the environment
-Contrast the number of chromosomes in body cells and gametes
-Summarize the events of meiosis
-Contrast meiosis and mitosis
-Describe how alleles from different genes can be inherited together
-Identify the types of human chromosomes in a karyotype
-Describe the patterns of inheritance of human traits
-Explain how pedigrees are used to study human traits
-Explain how small changes in DNA cause genetic disorders
-Summarize the problems caused by non-disjunction
-Summarize the methods of DNA analysis
-State the goals of the human genome project and explain what we have learned from it thus far
I Can Statements for DNA- Chapter 10:
-Summarize the process of bacterial transformation
-Describe the role of bacteriophages in indentifying genetic material
-Identify the role of DNA in heredity
-Identify the chemical components of DNA
-Discuss the experiments leading to the identification of DNA as the molecule that carries the genetic code
-Describe the steps leading to the development of the double-helix model of DNA
-Summarize the events of DNA replication
-Compare DNA replication in prokaryotes with that of eukaryotes
-Contrast RNA and DNA
-Explain the process of transcription
-Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read
-Summarize the process of translation
-Describe the “central dogma” of molecular biology
-Define mutations and describe different types of mutations
-Describe the effects mutations can have on genes
I Can Statements for Biotechnology- Chapters 11 & 12:
-Explain the purpose of selective breeding
-Explain how people increase in genetic diversity
-Explain how scientists manipulate DNA
-Describe the importance of recombinant DNA
-Explain how viruses reproduce
-Explain how viruses cause infection (lytic and lysogenic)
-Define transgenic and define the usefulness of some transgenic organisms to humans
-Describe the benefits of genetic engineering as they relate to agriculture and industry
-Explain how recombinant DNA technology can improve human health
-Summarize the process of DNA fingerprinting and explaining its uses
-Describe some of the issues that relate to biotechnology
-Identify some of the pros and cons of genetically modified food
-Describe some of the ethical issues relating to biotechnology
I Can Statements for Evolution- Chapters 13-15:
-State Charles Darwin’s contribution to science
-Describe the three patterns of biodiversity noted by Darwin
-Identify the conclusions drawn by Hutton and Lyell about Earth’s history
-Describe Lamarck’s hypothesis of evolution
-Describe Malthus’ view of population growth
-Explain the role of inherited variation in artificial selection
-Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs
-Explain the principle of common descent
-Explain how geologic distribution of species relates to their evolutionary history
-Explain how fossils and the fossil record document the descent of modern species from the ancient ancestors
-Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of evolutionary change
-Explain how molecular evidence can be used to trace the process of evolution
-Explain the results of the Grant’s investigation of adaptation in Galapagos finches
-Define evolution in generic terms
-Identify the main sources of genetic variation in a population
-State what determines the number of phenotypes for a trait
-Explain how natural selection affects single-gene and polygenic traits
-Describe genetic drift
-Explain how different factors affect genetic equilibrium
-Identify the types of isolation that can lead to the formation of a new species
-Describe the current hypothesis about Galapagos finch speciation
-Explain how molecular clocks are used
-Explain how new genes evolve
-Describe how Hox genes may be involved in evolutionary change
I Can Statements for Bacteria and Protists- Chapter 16:
-explain how the two groups of prokaryotes differ (Eubacteria and Archaebacteria)
-describe how prokaryotes vary in structure and function
-explain the role of bacteria in the living world
-explain how bacteria cause disease
-identify examples of bacteria being beneficial to the environment and to the human race
-Describe what a protist is
-Describe how protists are related to other eukaryotes
-Describe the various methods of protist locomotion
-Describe how protists reproduce
-Describe the ecological significance of photosynthetic protists
-describe how heterotrophic protists obtain food
-Identify the symbiotic relationships that involve protists
I Can Statements for fungi and plants- Chapter 17:
-Identify the defining characteristics of fungi
-describe how fungi affect homeostasis
-Identify the structure and function of plants
I Can Statements for Taxonomy- Chapter 18 & 19:
-Describe the goals of binomial nomenclature and systematics
-Identify the taxa in the classification devised by Linnaeus
-Describe the difference between evolutionary classification and Linnaean Classification
-Describe how to interpret a cladogram
-Explain the use of DNA sequences in classification
-Name the six kingdoms of life as they are currently identified
-Explain what the tree of life represents
-Explain what information fossils can reveal about ancient life
-Differentiate between relative dating and radiometric dating
-Identify the divisions of the geologic time scale
-Describe how environmental processes and living things have shaped life on Earth
-Identify the processes that influence survival or extinction of a species or clade
-contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium
-Name two important paterns in macroevolution
-Explain the evolutionary characteristics of coevolving organisms
-Identify some of the hypotheses about early Earth and the origin of life
-Explain the endosymbiotic theory
-explain the importance of sexual reproduction in evolution
-Students will be able to identify basic animal structures from each taxon discussed.
-Students will be able to organize (classify) animals by different characteristics into phyla, classes, and orders.
I Can Statements for Body Systems and Digestion- Chapter 20 & 21:
-Explain how food provides energy
-Identify the essential nutrients that the body needs and how they are important to your body
-Explain how to plan a balanced diet
-Describe the organs of the digestive system and explain their functions
-Explain what happens during digestion
-Describe how nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream and how wastes are eliminated from the body
-Describe the structures of the excretory system and explain their functions
-Explain how the kidneys clean your blood
-Describe how the kidneys maintain homeostasis
I Can Statements for Nervous System- Chapter 28 & 29:
-Identify the structures of the nervous system
-Describe the function of neurons
-Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted
-Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord
-Describe the effects of drugs on the brain
-Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system
-Describe the functions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
-Discuss the sense of touch and identify the various types of sensory receptors in the skin
-Explain the relationship between smell and taste
-Identify the parts of the ears that make hearing and balance possible
-Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see
I Can Statements for Skeletal System- Chapter 30:
-List the structures and functions of the skeletal system
-Describe the structure of a typical bone
-List the different kinds of joints and describe the range of motion of each
-Describe the structure and function of each of the three types of muscle tissue
-Describe the mechanism of muscle contraction
-Describe the interaction of muscle bones and tendons to produce movement
-State the functions of the integumentary system
-Identify the structures of the integumentary system
-Describe some of the problems that affect the skin
I Can Statements for Circulatory and Respiratory Systems- Chapter 22 & 23:
-Identify the functions of the human circulatory system
-Describe the structure of the heart and explain how it pumps blood through the body
-Name three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system
-Explain the functions of blood plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
-Describe the role of the lymphatic system
-List three common circulatory diseases
-Describe the connection between cholesterol and circulatory disease
-Identify the structures of the respiratory system and describe their functions
-Describe gas exchange
-Describe how breathing is controlled
-Describe the effects of smoking on the respiratory system
I Can Statements for Chapter 25-27:
-Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system
-Explain how hormones work
-Identify the functions of the major endocrine glands
-Explain how endocrine glands are controlled
-Describe the effects that sex hormones have on development
-Name and discuss the structures of the male and female reproductive system
-Describe commonly occurring sexually transmitted diseases
-Describe fertilization and early stages of development
-Identify the major events of later stages of development