Our research endeavors focus on elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying catalytic processes, aiming to harness this understanding for the purpose of catalyst design and optimization of process parameters. Through the integration of in-situ and operando spectroscopy techniques, we conduct comprehensive characterization of catalysts during reaction conditions, supplemented by transient reaction studies to unravel the nuances of the structure-function relationship and reaction mechanisms. Our primary areas of investigation encompass hydrocarbon upgradation, environmental remediation, and the advancement of sustainable fuel and chemical production technologies.