Identify appropriate instructional goals and discuss them with students so that they are clear about what is expected
Insist that students complete work satisfactorily
Refuse to accept excuses for poor work
Communicate acceptance of imperfect initial performance when students struggle to achieve new learning
Convey confidence in the students’ ability to do well
Display an encouraging, “can do” attitude that generates student excitement and self-confidence
Avoid comparative evaluations, especially of lower-ability students, that might cause them to conclude that they cannot accomplish the objectives
Explain significance
Describe concept
Relate the concept
Sequence steps
Practice steps
Invite participation
Evaluate student learning
Ex.
Word Problems
Define variables
Create an equation
Solve the equation
State the answer
Include the unit of measure
Ex.
Mixture Problems
Make a table
Define variables
State the components
Create an equation
Solve the equation
State all solved parts
Restate the final answer
Improving Class Climate through Incentives or Rewards, Grades and other Symbols, Recognition
Planning and Conducting Instruction
Bell ringer
Review of previous days lesson
Presentation
Teacher-led guided practice
Independent practice review of today’s lesson
Types of Activities
Opening the Period
Checking Classwork or Homework
Recitation (Question/Answer Sequence)
Content Development
Discussion
Seatwork
Small-Group Work
Test Administration
Student Presentations and Demonstrations
Closing
Science and Mathematics Instruction
Project-based Learning for the 21st Century Student
Science instruction
NSTA states that school laboratory investigation (also referred to as a lab) is defined as an experience in the laboratory, classroom, or the field that provides students with opportunities to interact directly with natural phenomena or with data collected by others using tools, materials, data collection techniques, and models (NRC 2006, p. 3). Effective teaching strategies for science students include: Manipulation strategies will enable students to experience science by becoming active learners who participate in building their own understanding, Technology-enhanced instruction, including simulations, enables students to manipulate variables and quickly see the results (Explore Learning).
Inquiry-based learning provides opportunities to analyze data and encourages deep understanding.