Imperial Roman Coins

Dictator, rather than Emperor, but I felt I ought to include him.

Obverse: DICT ITER COS TERT Head of Ceres right, wreathed with corn.

Reverse: AVGVR PONT MAX, simpulum, sprinkler, jug and lituus (emblems of the augurate and pontificate) D on reverse. The diameter is 20 mm and is 3.29 g, 190 degree die axis. Reference: Sear 1403/1.

AVGVR PONT MAX (Numiswiki) Showing that Julius Caesar had merged the two offices of Augur and Pontifex Maximus. Augustus, Reigned as first Roman Emperor 16 January 27 BC - 19 August 14 AD. Became de facto emperor as a result of the 'first settlement' between himself and the Roman Senate. Died 19 August AD 14, Probably old age, possibly assassinated. I currently do not an Imperial Roman coin of Augustus, however do have a provincial one.

Reigned 9 August 14- 16 March 37. Son of Augustus's wife Livia by a previous marriage; adopted son of Augustus. Died 16 March 37 AD, Probably old age, possibly assassinated. This coin was an issue of Tiberius in honor of Augustus. It was minted between 22-30 AD.

Obverse: DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER, bare headed bust of Augustus, right.

Reverse: PROVIDENT SC facade of altar enclosure of the Ara Providentiae Augusti, with double paneled door and horns of the altar visible above. The diameter is 28 mm and is 8.53 g, 235 degree die axis. Minted in Rome 22-30. Reference: Sear 1789, RIC 81. Cleaned by myself.

DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER (Numiswiki) Divine Father Augustus. After his deification by Tiberius with consent of the Senate. DIVVS link goes to a discussion of the difference between divus, a deified person, and deus, god.

Reigned 18 March 37 - 24 January 41. Son of Tiberius's nephew Germanicus. Died 24 January 41 AD, Assassinated in a conspiracy involving senators and Praetorian Guards.

Obverse: C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT Caligula bareheaded, left.

Reverse: VESTA SC, Vesta seated left, holding patera and scepter. The diameter is 28 mm and is 9.2 g, 180 degree die axis. Minted in Rome 37-38. Reference: Sear 1803, RIC 38, Cohen 27. Cleaned by myself.

VESTA S C (Numiswiki) Vesta.

S C Struck by the public authority of the Senate, according to the constitution of the republic, and the laws of the Roman mint

Reigned 24 January 41 - 13 October 54. Nephew of Tiberius, brother of Germanicus and uncle of Caligula; proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard. Died 13 October 54 AD, Probably poisoned by his wife Agrippina the Younger, in favor of her son Nero.

Obverse: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP (P P) Claudius, bareheaded, right.

Reverse: S C, Minerva advancing right holding shield. The diameter is 27 mm and is 9.85 g, 200 degree die axis. Minted in Rome 41-42. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP w/o PP is Sear 1861, RIC 100, Rome 41-42AD. With the PP at the end, Sear 1862, RIC 116, Rome 42 AD. Cleaned by myself.

S C (Numiswiki) Struck by the public authority of the Senate, according to the constitution of the republic, and the laws of the Roman mint

Reigned 1 July 69 - 24 June 79. Seized power with the support of the eastern Legions (in opposition to Vitellius), Died 24 June 79 AD, Natural causes. This coin was minted in 74 AD under Vespasian.

Obverse: IMP CAES VESP AVG P M T P COS V CENS Vespasian's radiate head left.

Reverse: FELICITAS PVBLICA S C Felicitas standing facing, head left, holding caduceus & cornucopiae. The diameter is 27 mm and is 11.01 g, 180 degree die axis. Minted in Rome in 74 AD. Reference: Sear 2346, RIC 555, Cohen 152. Cleaned by myself.

FELICITAS PVBLICA S C The Happiness of the People. S C Struck by the public authority of the Senate, according to the constitution of the republic, and the laws of the Roman mint.

Reigned 24 June 79 - 13 September 81, Son of Vespasian. Died 13 September 81 AD, Natural causes This coin was minted 78-79 AD under Titus.

Obverse: T CAESAR VESPASIANVS laureate head right.

Reverse: IMP XIIII Sow left, with three piglets. The diameter is 18.8 mm and is 2.78 g, 190 degree die axis. Minted in Rome in 78-79 AD. Denomination: Denarius. Reference: RIC-221 (Vesp), Sear [2002] 2443 Note: RIC under Vespasian. Issued as Ceaser while under Vespasian. Sear 2443 actually lists RIC 220. However doesn't list the reverse legend, but as 78 AD

IMP XIIII (Numiswiki) Victor in battle for the fourteenth time.

Reigned 14 September 81 - 18 September 96. Son of Vespasian. Died 18 September 96 AD, Assassinated by court officials This coin was minted 69-96 AD under Domitian.

Obverse: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS... Domitian's radiate head right.

Reverse: VIRTVTI AVGVSTI S C Virtus standing right, holding parazonium and scepter (spear), left foot on helmet. The letters after the COS on the obverse that would normally help with dating the coin are worn. The diameter is 26 mm and is 9.93 g, 200 degree die axis. There would be something after the COS which tells us the year, but it is not legible. Minted in Rome in 69-96 AD. Denomination: Dupondius. Similar to Sear [2000] 2817, Reverse information assumed by this similarity. Cleaned by myself. NOTE: on most coins of this type the devices on the rear look much less like a club. Still researching.

VIRTVTI AVGVSTI S C (Numiswiki) Valor of the Augusti, Valor of the Emperor. S C Struck by the public authority of the Senate, according to the constitution of the republic, and the laws of the Roman mint.

Reigned 18 September 96 - 27 January 98, Appointed by the Senate. Died 27 January 98 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: DIVVS AVGVSTVS, Radiate head right.

Reverse: IMP NERVA CAES AVG REST SC, Rudder upright over globe (based on description), SC below. The diameter is 28 mm and is 12.19 g, 195 degree die axis. Minted in Rome in 96 AD. Denomination: Dupondius.Reference: RIC-131, Sear [2000] 3079, Cohen-568. Augustus honored by Nerva. Cleaned by myself.

IMP NERVA CAES AVG REST S C (Numiswiki to IMP NERVA CAESAR AVG REST) Rest means that it was a Restoration issue. Nerva's Restoration coinage. S C Struck by the public authority of the Senate, according to the constitution of the republic, and the laws of the Roman mint.

Reigned 28 January 98 - 7 August 117, Adopted Son and Heir of Nerva. Died 7 August 117 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: IMP CAES NERVA TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TR P COS V PP, Laureate head right.

Reverse: S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI S C, Fallen Dacian seated left on fallen armor (shield), mourning on left, trophy with arms at base. The diameter is 34 mm and is 18.75 g, 190 degree die axis. Minted in Rome in 105 AD. Reference: Sear [2002] 3196, RIC 564. Cleaned by myself.

S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI S C (Numiswiki) S P Q R = Senatus Populusque Romanus. (The Senate and the Roman People), Optimo = Best, Principi = First Citizen (Best of rulers, probably), S C = Struck by the public authority of the Senate, according to the constitution of the republic, and the laws of the Roman mint.

Reigned 11 August 117 - 10 July 138, Adopted Son and Heir of Trajan. Died 10 July 138 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG, Laureate head right.

Reverse: P M TR P COS III, Roma seated on cuirass left, holding Victory and spear, shield behind. The diameter is 19.1 mm and is 2.48 g, 190 degree die axis. Minted in Rome in 123 AD. Denomination: Denarius. Reference: RIC-77a, Sear-3519, Cohen-1102, BMCRE139

Reigned 10 July 138 - 7 March 161, Adopted Son and Heir of Hadrian. Died 7 March 161 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P, Laureate head right.

Reverse: TR POT COS IIII, Liberalitas standing left, holding vexillum and cornucopia. The diameter is 18 mm and is 2.73 g, 175 degree die axis. Minted in Rome in 145 AD. Denomination: Denarius. Reference: Sear [2002] 4089, Cohen-490.

Reigned 7 March 161 - 17 March 180, Adopted Son and Heir of Antonius Pius, Co-Emperor with Lucius Verus until Lucius Verus' death in 169. Died 17 March 180 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG PII FIL, Bare head right.

Reverse: TR POT VI COS II, The Genius Exercitus standing left, holding a patera over an altar and in the other hand, a legionary standard. The diameter is 19 mm and is 3.23 g, 180 degree die axis. Minted in Rome 151-152 AD. Denomination: Denarius. Reference: RIC III, 453, Cohen-645. Provincial coin of his that can be found on my provincial coin page.

Reigned 7 March 161 - March 169, Adopted Son and Heir of Antonius Pius, Co-Emperor with Marcus Aurelius until his death in 169. Died March 169 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: L VERVS AVG ARMENIACVS, radiate head right.

Reverse: TR POT VIII IMP V COS III S C, Aequitas seated left holding scales and cornucopiae. The diameter is 26 mm and is 8.8 g, 190 degree die axis. Minted in Rome Feb - Dec 168. Denomination: Dupondius. Reference: RIC III-1480, Sear [2002] 5405, Scarce. Cleaned by myself.

Reigned 177 - 31 December 192, Natural Son of Marcus Aurelius, joint Emperor from 177. Died 31 December 192 AD, Assassinated in palace coup

Obverse: M COMM ANT P FEL AVG BRIT PP, Laureate head right.

Reverse: CONC COM P M TR P XVI COS VI, Concordia standing left holding patera and scepter. The diameter is 17 mm and is 2.35 g, 0 degree die axis. Minted in Rome 190-191. Denomination: Denarius. Reference: RIC-219, Sear [2002] 5631, Cohen-45, RSC 45.

CONC COM P M TR P XVI COS VI (Numiswiki) Based on other of his coins, CONC should be Concordia and COM should be Commodus, especially as it is a coin of Commodus with the reverse of ConcordiaProvincial coin of his that can be found on my provincial coin page.

Reigned 9 April 193 - 4 February 211 (family tree) Father of of Caracalla and Geta. Died 4 February 211 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG, Laureate head right.

Reverse: PART MAX P M TR P VIIII, Trophy with captives on both sides. The diameter is 20 mm and is 1.35 g, die axis 25 deg. Minted in Rome in 201. Denomination: Denarius. Reference: RIC IVi, 176, Sear [2002] 6323v, Cohen 370. Note: The weight of this coin is light. It has been deemed authentic in age, but might have been an ancient counterfeit.

PART MAX P M TR P VIIII (Numiswiki) "Parthicus Maximus - This honorary surname was assumed in the first instance by M. Aurelius, and by L. Verus, and afterwards by Sept. Serverus and his son Caracalla"Provincial coins (2)(3) of his that can be found on my provincial coin page.

Reigned 198 - 8 April 217 (family tree) Brother of Geta, son of Septimius Severus and Julia Domna. Co-Ruled with his Father since 198 AD and Brother from 209 until 211 AD. Died 8 April 217 AD, Murdered by a soldier; probably as part of a conspiracy involving Macrinus

Obverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, Laureate head right.

Reverse: PONTIF TR P XI COS III, Caracalla mounted on horse right, holding spear; in front, a captive. The diameter is 18.3 mm and is 2.13 g, die axis 190 deg. Minted in Rome in 208. Denomination: Denarius. Reference: RIC-108, Sear [2002] 6874

PONTIF TR P XI COS III (Numiswiki) Pontif or Pontiex - Priest of the GodsProvincial coins (2)(3) of his that can be found on my provincial coin page.

Imperial Roman Coin page Reigned 8 June 218 - 11 March 222. Grandson of Septimius Severus's sister-in-law, alleged illegitimate son of Caracalla; (family tree) proclaimed emperor by Syrian legions. Died 11 March 222 AD, Murdered by Praetorian Guard.

This is #1. Literally. In Roman Imperial Coinage, Book IVb, under Elagabalus, this is the first coin listed. RIC IVb-001.

Obverse: IMP CAES M AVR ANTONINVS AVG, Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: P M TR P COS P P, Roma seated left holding Victory and scepter, shield at side. Diameter is 21 mm and is 5.43 g, die axis 180 deg. Minted in Rome 218AD. Reference: RIC-001, Sear [2002] 7493, BMCRE-3, RSC-126, T-9. This is an example of an Antoninianus.

Elagabalus' cousin (family tree) who ruled after him. Reigned 13 March 222 - 18 March 235. Grandson of Septimius Severus's sister-in-law, cousin and adoptive heir of Elagabalus. Died 18 March 235 AD, Murdered by the army

Obverse: IMP SEV ALEXAND AVG, Laureate head right.

Reverse: FIDES MILITVM, Fides seated left and holding a standard in each hand. The diameter is 20 mm and is 3.02 g, die axis 25 deg. Minted in Rome 218-220 AD. Denomination: Denarius. Reference: RIC IVii, 193, Sear [2002] 7863, Cohen 51

FIDES MILITVM (Numiswiki) The Fidelity of the Soldiers. He was ironically murdered by the army.

Provincial coins (2) of his that can be found on my provincial coin page. Other coins on my Severus Alexander from Markianopolis / Marcianopolis page.

Reigned 20 March 235 - April 238, Proclaimed emperor by German legions after the murder of Alexander Severus Died April 238 AD, Assassinated by Praetorian Guard

Obverse: IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG, Laureate bust right, draped.

Reverse: PAX AVGVSTI, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse scepter. The diameter is 20.5 mm and is 2.88 g, die axis 190 deg. Minted in Rome, March 235 - Jan 236. Denomination: Denarius. Reference: RIC IVii, 12D, Cohen-31, Sear [2005] 8310

PAX AVGVSTI (Numiswiki link going to PAX AVG): Pax Augusta.----August Peace. Peace of the emperor

My "Max Thrax Pax"

Reigned 22 April 238 - 11 February 244, Proclaimed emperor by supporters of Gordian I & II, then by the Senate; joint-emperor with Pupienus and Balbinus until July 238 AD. Died 11 February 244 AD, Unknown; possibly murdered on orders of Philip the Arab

Obverse: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, Radiate and draped bust right.

Reverse: FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna seated left, holding cornucopia & rudder. The diameter is 23 mm and is 4.16 g, die axis 15 deg. Minted in Antioch, 243-244. Denomination: Antoninianus. Reference: RIC-210, Sear [2005] 8613, Cohen-98. According to Sear, "Uncertain Eastern mint, possibly Antioch"

FORTVNA REDVX (Numiswiki)(o) Fortune that brings back the Emperor in safety.

Provincial coins (2)(3) of his that can be found on my provincial coin page.

Reigned February 244 - September / October 249, Praetorian Prefect to Gordian III, took power after his death. Died September/ October 249 AD, Killed in battle against Decius, near Verona

Obverse: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: P M TR P III COS P P, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae. The diameter is 28 mm and is 3.56 g, die axis 10 deg. Minted in Rome, 246. Denomination: Antoninianus. Reference: RIC-IV part3 3, Sear [2005] 8944, RSC 124.

A provincial example from Viminacium, Moesia Superior. Page with this coin.

Reigned September / October 249 - June 251, Governor under Philip the Arab; proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions and defeated Philip in battle; made his son Herennius Etruscus co-emperor in early 251 AD. Died June 251 AD, Both killed in the Battle of Abrittus fighting against the Goths

Obverse: IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, Radiate bust right, draped and cuirassed.

Reverse: DACIA, Dacia standing left, holding a Dacian standard with a wolf's head The diameter is 22 mm and is 2.84 g, die axis 25 deg. Minted in Rome, 250-251. Denomination: Antoninianus. Reference: RIC-12b, Cohen-16, Sear [2005] 9368. NOTE: RIC says a staff "surmounted by an ass's head". From Sear "I am indebted to Mr. Alexandra Marian of Romania for the correct identification of the 'draco', the Dacian battle standard which was decorated with a wolf's head and the tail of a 'dragon'"

DACIA (Numiswiki) Decius (Trajanus), about A. D. 249 struggled successfully, but with great difficulty, to defend the province against repeated incursions of the Goths

Reigned June 251 - August 253, Governor of Moesia Superior, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after Decius's death (and in opposition to Hostilian); made his son Volusianus co-emperor in late 251 AD. Died August 253 AD, Assassinated by their own troops, in favor of Aemilianus

Obverse: IMP C C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG, Radiate crown,draped and cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: PIETAS AVGG, Pietas standing left, at an altar. The diameter is 23 mm and is 3.54 g, die axis 350 deg. Minted in 252-253, uncertain mint according to Sear. Denomination: Antoninianus. Reference: Sear [2005] 9643, RIC 71, RSC 76, VanMeter-236/28

PIETAS AVGG (Numiswiki) Piety of the two Augusti

Reigned October 253 - September 268, Son of Valerian, made co-emperor in 253 AD. Died September 268 AD, Murdered in unclear circumstances

Obverse: GALLIENVS AVG, Radiate head right.

Reverse: PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch in right hand & transverse scepter in left. The diameter is 19 mm and is 3.58 g, die axis 195 deg. Minted in 266-267 in Siscia. Denomination: Antoninianus (billon) Reference: RIC 575C or K, Sear [2005] 10300. Note: This is the only one that seems to match up in Sear, even though a mint mark is not available, narrowing it to 266-267 in Siscia.

PAX AVG (Numiswiki): Pax Augusta.----August Peace. Peace of the emperorNote2: See the difference in the metal of the Antoninianus from Trebonianus Gallus to Gallienus. "The billon antoninianus continued its catastrophic decline and by the end of the reign the silver content had sunk to a minute 2.5%" The antoninianus was first issued by Caracalla, Reigned 198 - 8 April 217 and originally contained 52% silver. Cleaned by myself.

Reigned September 268 - January 270, Victorious general at Battle of Naissus, seized power after Gallienus's death. Died January 270 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left holding scales and cornucopia. The diameter is 20 mm and is 2.2 g, die axis 0 deg. Minted in Antioch 268-269. Reference: RIC 197, Sear [2005] 11316.

AEQVITAS AVG (Numiswiki) The Equity of the emperor. Cleaned by myself. Quintillus, Reigned January 270 - 270, Brother of Claudius Gothicus, seized power after his death. Died 270 AD, Unclear; possibly suicide or murder

Reigned September 270? - September 275, Proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after Claudius Gothicus's death, in opposition to Quintillus, Died September 275 AD, Assassinated by Praetorian Guard

Obverse: IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiate & cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: RESTITVT ORBIS, Female standing right, presenting wreath to Aurelian standing L, holding scepter. The diameter is 23 mm and is 3.67 g, die axis 175 deg. Minted in Antioch 272-275. Reference: RIC-386T (The T stands for the 3rd officina), Sear [2005] 11592v, variety as it lists that at least 8 mints were using this reverse type with varying mint marks. Mint Mark XXI in the exergue. Officina T.

RESTITVT ORBIS (Numiswiki link to RESTITVTOR ORBIS, coin with RESTITVT ORBIS) "Restorer of the of the World" (wikipedia link mentioning RESTITVTOR ORBIS)

Reigned September 25 275 - June 276, Elected by the Senate to replace Aurelian, after a short interregnum. Died June 276 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG, Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: FELICITAS AVG, Felicitas standing l. holding cauduseus and cornucopia. The diameter is 23.7 mm and is 3.49 g, die axis 340 deg. Minted in Ticinum or Siscia 275-276. Reference: RIC 5A 136, Sear [2005] 11776. Mint Mark P in the exergue.

FELICITAS AVG (Wikipedia\Numiswiki) The good luck/success/wealth/happiness of the emperor?

Reigned June 276 - September? 276, Possibly half-brother of Tacitus, elected by the army in the west to to replace him. September? 276 AD, Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Probus

Obverse: IMP FLORIANVS AVG, Radiate bust right, draped and cuirassed.

Reverse: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Victory standing right, presenting wreath of victory to Florian standing opposite and holding spear. The diameter is 23 mm and is 3.71 g, die axis 0 deg. Minted in Cyzicus in 276. Reference: RIC-116C, Cohen-15, Sear [2005] 11853. Mint Mark Q in the exergue.

CONCORDIA MILITVM (Numiswiki) The Concord of the Armies

Reigned September 276? - September / October 282, Governor of the eastern provinces, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions in opposition to Florianus. Died September/ October 282 AD Assassinated by his own troops, in favor of Carus

Obverse: IMP C PROBVS AVG, Radiate, mantled bust left holding eagle tipped scepter.

Reverse: SALVS AVG, Salus standing right feeding serpent in arms, V to left, star on the right, TXXI in exe. The diameter is 29 mm and is 3.53 g, die axis 175 deg. Minted in Ticinum in 282. Reference: RIC 499.1, Emission 10, Officina 3, similar to Sear [2005] 12028-12030 though different mint and obverse. Mint Mark TXXI in the exergue.

SALVS AVG (Numiswiki) The health of the emperor

Reigned September / October 282 - late July / Early August 283, Praetorian Prefect to Probus; seized power either before or after Probus was murdered. Died Late July/early August 283 AD, Natural causes?

Obverse: IMP C M AVR CARVS AVG, Radiate and draped bust right.

Reverse: VIRTVS AVGGG, Carus and Carinus, both in military attire, stg. facing each other, the figure on r. presenting to the other a globe surmounted by Victory, one on left holding short scepter. Star above Victory. The diameter is 22.5 mm and is 3.4 g, die axis 0 deg. Minted in Antioch in 283. Reference: RIC-125, Sear-12190, Cohen-117. Mint Mark XXI in the exergue. Officina B.

VIRTVS AVGGG (Numiswiki) Valor of the Trium Augustorum, Valor of the three Emperors.

Reigned Late July / Early August 283 - 285, Son of Carus, succeeded him jointly with his brother Numerian. Died 285 AD, Died in battle against Diocletian?

Obverse: IMP C M AVR CARINVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped & cuirassed, bust right.

Reverse: VIRTVS AVGG, Carus and Carinus, both in military attire, standing facing each other, the figure on the right presenting to the other a globe, a star above, TR, XXI in exergue. The diameter is 20 mm and is 3.55 g, die axis 350 deg. Minted in Tripolis in 283. Reference: VanMeter-24, RIC 209, Sear [2005] 12308

VIRTVS AVGG (Numiswiki) Valor of the Duorum Agustorum, Valor of the two Emperors.

Reigned 20 November 284 - 1 May 305, Proclaimed emperor by army after death of Numerian, and in opposition to Carinus; adopted Maximian as senior co-emperor in 286. Died 3 December 311 AD, Abdicated; died of natural causes

Obverse: IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS P AVG, Radiate bust right, draped.

Reverse: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter. The diameter is 21 mm and is 3.25 g, die axis 170 deg. Minted in Siscia 284-294. Reference: RIC Vii, 268. Mint Mark XXI in the exergue. Officina B.

IOVI CONSERVATORI (Numiswiki): Jupiter the Protector.

Reigned 1 April 286 - 1 May 305, Adopted as senior co-emperor ('Augustus') in the west by Diocletian in 286. Died 310 AD, Abdicated with Diocletian; twice tried to regain throne with, and then from Maxentius; captured by Constantine I and committed suicide at his behest

Obverse: IMP C M A MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, Radiate bust right, cuirassed.

Reverse: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Jupiter presents Victory on a globe to Maximianus. The diameter is 19 mm and is 2.39 g, die axis 175 deg. Minted in Heraclea 295-296. Reference: RIC VI, 14. Mint Mark H¥ (He) in the exergue. Note: see info on home site about numus.com's font. (Unfortunately, they no longer exist and no longer support the program, but I haven't found anything better so I'm still using it.)

CONCORDIA MILITVM (Numiswiki) The Concord of the Armies

Reigned 1 May 305 - 25 July 306, Adopted as junior co-emperor ('Caesar') and heir by Maximian in 293. Died 310 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, radiate cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Constantius standing right receiving globe from Jupiter standing opposite and leaning on a scepter. The diameter is 22.5 mm and is 3.6 g, die axis 180 deg. Minted in Heraclea 295-296. Reference: RIC-VI 15. Mint Mark HA in the exergue. Cleaned by myself.

CONCORDIA MILITVM (Numiswiki) The Concord of the Armies

Reigned 1 May 305 - May 311, Adopted as junior co-emperor ('Caesar') and heir by Diocletian in 293 AD. Died 311 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, Laureate head right.

Reverse: GENIO AVGVSTI CMH, Genius standing left, holding cornucopia and patera. The diameter is 26.5 mm and is 6.36 g, die axis 15 deg. Minted in Nicomedia 308-311. Reference: RIC 54a, Sear [88] 3718, Cohen 42. Mint Mark SMNA in the exergue. (Check RIC 66a vs 54a). CMH is in ligature (wikipedia)

GENIO AVGVSTI CMH (Numiswiki) Genius of the Emperor. According to a site, "CMH most likely is a value mark used at Nicomedia and Cyzicus, indicating 48 coins per pound of bronze." Another book say that the significance still needs to be determined.

Reigned 25 July 306 - 22 May 337, Son of Constantius Chlorus, proclaimed emperor by his father's troops; accepted as Caesar (west) by Galerius in 306 AD; promoted to Augustus (west) in 307 AD by Maximian after death of Severus; refused relegation to Caesar in 309 AD. Died 22 May 337 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, Diademed head right.

Reverse: SOLI INVICTO COMITI, Sol standing left, right hand high and globe in left hand. The diameter is 20 mm and is 3.08 g, die axis 5 deg. Minted in Rome 314-315. Reference: RIC-VII-27. Mint Mark RT in the exergue. RX in left field, F in right field.

SOLI INVICTO COMITI (Numiswiki)(romancoin.info) (Dedicated to) our friend the invincible sun Cleaned by myself.

Reigned 1 May 311 - July / August 313, Nephew of Galerius, adopted as Caesar and his heir in 305 AD; succeeded as Augustus (shared with Licinius) in 311 AD. Died July/August 313 AD, Defeated in civil war against Licinius; probably committed suicide thereafter

Obverse: IMP MAXIMINVS P F AVG, Laureate bust right.

Reverse: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter is facing left with lightning in his left hand and a scepter in his right. Eagle with wreath on left and delta on right on reverse. The diameter is 27 mm and is 6.4 g, die axis 15 deg. Minted in Siscia 311-313. Reference: same as RIC 225b, except 225b has a girlande (garland) under the delta. Mint Mark SIS in the exergue. Delta in right field (Officina 4)

IOVI CONSERVATORI (Numiswiki): Jupiter the Protector.

Reigned 11 November 308 - 18 September 324, Appointed Augustus in the west by Galerius in 308 BC, in opposition to Maxentius; became Augustus in the east in 311 AD after the death of Galerius (shared with Maximinus); defeated Maximinus in civil war to become sole eastern Augustus in 313 BC; appointed Valerius Valens in 317 AD, and Martinianus in 324 AD as western Augustus, in opposition to Constantine, both nominally ruled for a few months before being executed. Died 325 AD, Defeated in civil war against Constantine I in 324 AD and captured; executed on the orders of Constantine the next year

Obverse: IMP LIC LICINIVS P F AVG, Laureate head right.

Reverse: IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG NN, Jupiter standing left, leaning on scepter, holding Victory on globe. Eagle at feet to left. The diameter is 23 mm and is 3.34 g, die axis 15 deg. Minted in Siscia in 313. Reference: RIC 232. Mint Mark SIS in the exergue. Gamma in right field (Officina 3)

IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG NN (Numiswiki) Jupiter the Protector. Dominorum Nostrorum Augustorum, Jupiter, protect our two lords.

Reigned 22 May 337 - 340, Son of Constantine I; appointed Caesar in 317 BC, succeeded as joint Augustus with his brothers Constantius II and Constans. Died 340 AD, Died in battle against Constans

Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, Diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust left.

Reverse: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM VOT V, CAESARVM NOSTRORVM around VOT V. Star at top of wreath. The diameter is 19 mm and is 2.97 g, die axis 0 deg. Minted in Thessalonica in 320. Reference: RIC VII 120 (Possibly RIC VII 128. but probably 120). Mint Mark TSBVI in the exergue.

CAESARVM NOSTRORVM VOT V (Numiswiki)(romancoin.info modified) Because of the vows of our Caesars (pledged) for five years (of service)

Reigned 22 May 337 - 3 November 361, Son of Constantine I; succeeded as joint Augustus with his brothers Constantine II and Constans; sole emperor from 350 AD. Died 361 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C, Laur. & cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: GLORIA EXERCITVS, two soldiers, each holding spear and shield on ground, single flanking standard. The diameter is 15.3 mm and is 1.53 g, die axis 125 deg. Minted in Antioch 335-337. Reference: RIC-vii-110, LRBC I,1364v, v for different obverse legend. Mint Mark SMANZ in the exergue.

GLORIA EXERCITVS (Numiswiki) Glory of the Army

Reigned 22 May 337 - 350, Son of Constantine I; succeeded as joint Augustus with his brothers Constantine II and Constantius II. Died 350 AD, Assassinated on the orders of the usurper Magnentius

Obverse: D N CONSTANSTIVS P F AVG, Laureate head right.

Reverse: VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath with a Mint mark of SMAN (theta). theta is the 9th officina. The diameter is 14 mm and is 1.2 g, die axis 190 deg. Minted in Antioch 342-346. Reference: LRBC I,1398. Mint Mark SMAN(theta) in the exergue. Completion of obverse legend from LRBC Cleaned by myself.

VOT XV MVLT XX (romancoin.info modified) Because of vows, fifteen years (already served) and with more vows, twenty.

Reigned February 360 - 26 June 363, Cousin of Constantius II; made Caesar of the west in 355 AD; proclaimed Augustus by his troops in 360; sole emperor after the death of Constantius. Died 26 June 363 AD, Mortally wounded in battle

Obverse: D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, Helmeted, draped and cuirassed bust l, holding spear & shield.

Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX, Vow in wreath. The diameter is 20.5 mm and is 2.8g , die axis 0 deg. Minted in Heraclea 361-363. Reference: RIC 106, LRBC 1908. Mint Mark HERACLB in the exergue.

VOT X MVLT XX (romancoin.info modified) Because of vows, ten years (already served) and with more vows, twenty.

Reigned 26 June 363 - 17 February 364, General of Julian's army; proclaimed emperor by the troops on Julian's death. Died 17 February 364 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: D N IOVIANVS P F AVG, Diademed bust left, draped and cuirassed.

Reverse: VOT V MVLT X, Vow in wreath. The diameter is 21 mm and is 2.26 g, die axis 185 deg. Minted in Heraclea 363-364. Reference: RIC-110, LBRC 1913. Mint Mark HERACA in the exergue.

VOT V MVLT X (romancoin.info modified) Because of vows, five years (already served) and with more vows, ten.

Reigned 25 February 364 - 17 November 375, Elected to replace Jovian by the army. Died 17 November 375 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, Diademed and cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE, Victory advancing left holding wreath in right and palm frond in left. The diameter is 19 mm and is 2.28 g, die axis 355 deg. Minted in Siscia 364-367. Reference LRBC II, 1277. Mint Mark (dot)ASISC in the exergue.

SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE (Numiswiki)(romancoin.info) The Security of the RepublicValens, Reigned 28 March 364 - 9 August 378, Brother of Valentinian I, appointed co-augustus (for the east) by him. Died 9 August 378 AD, Killed in Battle of Adrianople against the Goths

Reigned 4 August 367 - 25 August 383, Son of Valentinian I, appointed 'junior' Augustus by him in 367, became 'senior' augustus (for the west) after Valentinian's death. Died 25 August 383 AD, Murdered by rebellious army faction

Obverse: D N GRATIANVS AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: GLORIA ROMANORVM, Gratian standing right, holding labarum inscribed with Chi-rho and holding captive by hair. The diameter is 17 mm and is 2.22 g, die axis 200 deg. Minted in Siscia 367-375. Reference: RIC 14cXXX, LRBC II, 1388?, the ? is that as far as I can read they have the fields reversed onthis coin. Either I'm reading it backwards, they have it backwards, or this is a v for variety. Mint Mark (delta)SISCE in the exergue. Q in left field, AK in right field.

GLORIA ROMANORVM (Numiswiki) Glory of the RomansCleaned by myself.

Reigned 17 November 375 - 15 May 392, Son of Valentinian I, proclaimed emperor by Pannonian army after Valentinian's death; accepted as co-Augustus for the west by Gratian. Died 15 May 392 AD, Unclear; possibly murdered or committed suicide

Obverse: D N VALENTINIANVS IVN P F AVG, diademed draped & cuirassed bust right.

Reverse: VOT V MVLT X, Legend in wreath. The diameter is 15 mm and is 1.72 g, die axis 180 deg. Minted in Siscia 378-383. Reference: RIC-29c3, LRBC II, 1549. Mint Mark ASISC(dot) in the exergue

VOT V MVLT X (romancoin.info modified) Because of vows, five years (already served) and with more vows, ten. Cleaned by myself.

Reigned 1 January 379 - 17 January 395, Appointed as Augustus for the east by Gratian after the death of Valens; became sole 'senior' Augustus after death of Valentinian II. Died 17 January 395 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, diademed, dr and cuir bust r.

Reverse: SALVS REIPVBLICAE, Victory advancing left with trophy & captive. The diameter is 13.3 mm and is 1.3 g, die axis 170 deg. Minted 383-395. Mint Mark Chi Rho in in left field, Reference: Still looking to see if it is possible to find one. LRBC lists that this type with the Chi Rho in left field was minted at Rome, Aquileia, Thessalonica, Constantinople, Nicomedia, Cyzicus, Antioch, and Alexandria. Rome had this reverse and for this emperor, the Mint Mark in the exergue would have been R P or R (dot) P LRBC 797/800. This is also the correct size AE4, Aquileia would have been AQP, probably not even though it is AE4, Thessalonica would have been TESA, probably not even though it is the correct size AE4, Constantinople would have been CONSA, probably not even though it is the correct size AE4 Nicomedia did not have this specific reverse for this emperor, Cyzicus would have been SMKA, probably not even though it is the correct size AE4, Antioch did not have this specific reverse for this emperor, Alexandria did not have this particular reverse for this emperor. I had hoped to rule some out by the size, however in all the mints that had this type, during the years of Theodosius I, the size of the coin of this type was AE4. Based on the tops of the letters that i see in the exergue, my best guess is that this coin was minted 388-392 in Rome. Some mints started with this type as early as 383 and others ended as late as 395, but in Rome it was minted 388-392. Reference LRBC 797/800 (Depending on if there was a dot between the R and the P.) Cleaned by myself.

SALVS REIPVBLICAE (romancoin.info) The Health of the Republic

(East), Reigned January 383 - 1 May 408, Son of Theodosius I; appointed as 'junior' Augustus for the east by Theodosius in 383 (after the death of Gratian); became 'senior' Augustus for the east after his father's death. Died 1 May 408 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: D N ARCADIVS P F AVG, Diademed and draped bust right.

Reverse: VRBS ROMA FELIX, Roma standing facing, head right holding spear (possibly with trophy and Victory on globe), shield at feet. The diameter is 17 mm and is 2.57 g, die axis 185 deg. Minted 402-408 in Rome. Reference: LRBC 812. Mint Mark SMROM in the exergue. OF in left field, ¥ (e) in right field. Note: see info on home site about numus.com's font. (Unfortunately, they no longer exist and no longer support the program, but I haven't found anything better so I'm still using it.) Cleaned by myself.

VRBS ROMA FELIX (Numiswiki)(etsy (sometimes link is very slow or unworking, alternative via wayback machine) Happy City of Rome

(West), Reigned 23 January 393 - 15 August 423, Son of Theodosius I; appointed as 'junior' Augustus for the west by Theodosius in 393 (after the death of Valentinian II); became 'senior' Augustus for the west after his father's death. Died 15 August 423 AD, Natural causes

Obverse: D N HONORIVS P F AVG (See Note below), pearl or rosette diademed, draped bust right.

Reverse: GLORIA ROMANORVM, Three emperors standing side by side holding spears, outermost ones rest hands on shields, the middle one holds an orb. The diameter is 13 mm and is 2.09 g, die axis 185 deg. Minted 395-408 in Antioch. Reference: RIC 153. Mint Mark ANTB in the exergue.

GLORIA ROMANORVM (Numiswiki) Glory of the Romans Cleaned by myself for the MMV coin cleaning contest. NOTE: This is a perfect example of buying the book prior to getting the coin. Of course, this coin wasn't one that I bought directly, however when I did clean this for the contest, I did not yet have the reference LBRC. I tried doing it with only online sources and settled that based on the reverse legend and style, it was a coin of Honorius. Afterwards, upon purchasing LBRC, I found that while it could be Honorius with this reverse, it could also be Arcadius or Theodosius II. If the emperor on the obverse wore a rosette diadem (see nice site on the differences), it would indeed be Honorius, LRBC 2803. Else, if it is a pearl diadem, Arcadius would be LRBC 2801, Honorius LRBC 2802, or Theodosius II would be LRBC 2804, all minted 395-408 in Antioch. I am leaving this as Honorius as I attempt to determine which emperor. It might very well be Honorius with the rosette diadem, as the dots on the headdress are spaced out much further than on the examples of pearl diadem and I only see one row. Examples from wildwinds: Arcadius (2)(3) from Antioch, Arcadius from Nicomedia (my example is from Antioch by mint mark, just wanted to give a similar example), Honorius (2) from Antioch. Examples from Google Book search: Arcadius (Specific page no longer pulls up but book is still there, therefore leaving it for now) LRBC 2801 from Antioch #258 (my example seems to be younger), Honorius LRBC 2802 from Antioch #774. There is a Theodosius II LRBC 2803 at tesorillo.com (his #6, identified as LRBC 2804 need to recheck, I don't have it in front of me). I haven't found an example of LRBC 2803 yet.