Philosophy of Film (Spring 2013)
Philosophy of Film
PHIL 350-01 (CRN#21286) | TR 10-11:50 PM | Fogarty 108 | Spring 2013
Course Syllabus
Instructor: Dr. Aaron Smuts | asmuts@ric.edu | office hours: 219 Alger Hall, 12:30-1:30 TR
Description
When people hear “philosophy of film,” they likely imagine something that would be better called philosophy in (or through) film. On this model, one picks a handful of philosophical films and then discusses whatever philosophical issues happen to be relevant. You can teach a serviceable introduction to philosophy in this manner, but not an upper-level course on the philosophy of film. Hence, in this class we won't be doing much philosophy in film; instead, we will focus on a set of philosophical problems having to do with the nature of film and our experiences of it.
We will address questions such as: What is film? Can movies be art? Should films be cinematic? What distinguishes narrative fiction films from documentaries? Do films have narrators? How do films move us? Do audiences identify with characters? Why do people watch melodrama and horror if such movies depress and disgust audiences? Do films have authors whose artistic intentions matter? Can films “do philosophy”? In other words, is “philosophy in film” possible?
Students will gain a clear understanding of the major problems in the philosophy of film and several central issues in the philosophy of art. Focusing on these problems is the most effective way to sharpen the critical vocabulary used in film theory and criticism.
Note: We will not be watching feature length movies in class. That would be a waste of your time and money. See the section title "Movies" below.
YouTube Channel
http://www.youtube.com/user/ThePhilosophyOfFilm
Texts
There are only three required books:
Noël Carroll and Jinhee Choi (Eds.). Philosophy of Film and Motion Pictures: An Anthology (Blackwell, 2006). ISBN: 1405120274 [PFMP] [buy]
Noël Carroll. The Philosophy of Motion Pictures (Blackwell, 2008). ISBN: 1405120258 [PMP] [buy]
Rudolf Arnheim. Film as Art. (U Cal. Press, 2006). [FA] [buy]
I will post numerous additional readings on Blackboard. [BB]
If you can get a cheap used copy, buy:
Noël Carroll. The Philosophy of Horror: Or, Paradoxes of the Heart (Routledge, 1990). ISBN: 0415902169 [PH] [buy]
If you can get used copies, I recommend a few other collections on the philosophy of film:
Noël Carroll and David Bordwell (Eds.). Post-Theory: Reconstructing Film Studies (Wisconsin, 1996) [buy]
Noël Carroll. Theorizing the Moving Image (Wisconsin, 1996). [buy]
Thomas Wartenberg and Angela Curran (Eds.). The Philosophy of Film: Introductory Texts and Readings (Blackwell, 2005). [buy]
Richard Allen and Murray Smith (Eds.). Film Theory and Philosophy (Oxford, 1997). [buy]
For a fantastic critical take on a benighted tradition of film theory, I highly recommend:
Noël Carroll. Mystifying Movies: Fads and Fallacies in Contemporary Film Theory. (Columbia, 1991). [buy]
For an excellent introduction to general issues in the philosophy of art, I recommend:
Stephen Davies. The Philosophy of Art. (Blackwell, 2006). [buy]
For an extremely helpful introduction to the artform, you should buy:
David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson. Film Art: An Introduction. (McGraw-Hill, 2009). [buy]
Movies
For every class, I recommend a movie to help anchor our discussion. Since Netflix killed nearly every video store in the country and our library has an abysmal film collection, I cannot make these required viewing. And given the high percentage of commuter students with job, screenings are nearly impossible to schedule. But you should try to watch at least half of the recommended movies. Although I will show short films and clips in class, we will not be spending valuable class time watching movies. That's a waste of your time and money. Ideally, you should try to watch each movie before class on the day it is assigned. Many of the movies can be watched on Netflix, HuluPlus, Amazon Prime, and parts can be found on Youtube in degraded form. Do your best. I will also post mp4's of most of the movies on Blackboard.
Coursework
There will be two different forms of coursework: (best 20 out of 26) daily quizzes and three take-home examinations. I will give a short quiz at the beginning of each class that will require one or two sentence answers. The quizzes are closed-book, but open-note. The bulk of your grade comes from the take-home exams. All assignments must be completed to pass the course.
Quizzes (10%) + warm up paper (5%) + first exam (25%) + late-term exam (30%) + final exam (30%).
I encourage students who are doing well to write a term paper in place of the final exam. If you chose this option, please let me know before Spring break. I'll help you refine your topic and develop an outline. You must give me an abstract and a rough outline one month before the final exam period. I will not accept a term paper otherwise.
Attendance Policy
Although I record every class meeting, attendance is required. If you miss 6 or more classes, you will receive a 0 for your quiz grade. If you miss 12 or more classes, you will receive an F for the course. (There are no excused or unexcused absences. But please talk to me if something major comes up that dramatically effect your attendance.)
Laptop Policy
Laptop use is prohibited. The same goes for tablet computers and smart phones. Consider this rehab for Facebook addiction. You should print the articles posted on Blackboard and bring them to class.
Academic Honesty
Plagiarism—claiming someone else’s ideas or written work as your own—will not be tolerated. The tests are not collaborative. All sources must be cited. Anyone caught cheating will be given a failing grade in the course. I am also required to report you to the Vice President of Academic Affairs. But I would report you even if it was optional. Plagiarism is a serious offense.
Class Schedule (tentative)
* The readings for each class are nested under the date. You should do the readings before class. There will be a quiz every class.
Week 1
T: C1 (1/22): Introduction and Overview
Movies
"La Jetée" (Marker, 1962) [imdb] [clip shown in class]
Readings
Noël Carroll, “Prospects for Film Theory: A Personal Assessment” [BB]
Further Reading
Thomas Wartenberg, “Philosophy of Film” (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Carroll, PMP Ch.0, "Introduction: From Film Theory to the Philosophy of the Moving Image" [PMP]
Topic I. What is Film?
R: C2 (1/24): A Definition
Movies
"One Second in Montreal" (Snow, 1969) [UbuWeb]
"24 Hour Psycho" (Gordon, 1993) [clip shown in class]
"So is This" (Snow, 1982) [UbuWeb] [clip shown in class]
"Rotating Snakes" (Kitaoka, 2003)
Readings
Noël Carroll, "Defining the Moving Image" [PFMP]
Further Reading
Noël Carroll, PMP Ch. 3, "What is Cinema? [PMP]
Justin Remeselnik, Static Filmography (2012) [BB]
Week 2
T: C3 (1/29): More Worries
Movies
"It Happened One Night" (Capra, 1934) [imdb]
"Wizard People, Dear Reader" (Neely, 2004) [clip shown in class]
Readings
Robert Yanal, "Defining the Moving Image: A Response to Noel Carroll" [BB]
Noël Carroll, “Monsters and the Moving Image” [BB]
Further Reading
Thomas Wartenberg, "Carroll On the Moving Image" [BB]
Currie, "Film, Reality, and Illusion" [BB]
Kania, "The Illusion of Realism in Film" [BB]
Topic II. Is Film Art?
R: C4 (1/31): Silent Film Art
Movies
"Sunrise" (Murnau, 1927) [imdb]
Readings
Rudolph Arnheim, Film as Art, "Film and Reality" (pp.8-34) [FA]
Rudolph Arnheim, Film as Art, "The Complete Film" (pp.151-161) [FA]
Rudolph Arnheim, Film as Art, (p.57) [FA]
Further Reading
Noel Carroll, Ch.1 of Philosophical Problems of Classical Film Theory [BB]
Rudolph Arnheim, Film as Art, "The Talking Film" (pp.199-230) [FA]
Week 3.
T: C5 (2/5): The Case Against Film Art
Movies
Readings
Roger Scruton, "Photography and Representation" [PFMP]
Noël Carroll, PMP Ch. 1, "Film as Art" [PMP]
Further Reading
Dominic McIver Lopes, "The Aesthetics of Photographic Transparency" [PFMP]
William King, "Scruton and Reasons for Looking at Photographs" [BB]
Nigel Warburton, "Individual Style in Photographic Art" [BB]
R: C6 (2/7): The Case for Film Art
Movies
“The Blade” (Tsui Hark, 1995)
"Touch of Zen" (Hu, 1971) [clips shown in class]
Readings
Berys Gaut, "Cinematic Art" [BB]
Further Reading
Alexander Sesonske, "Aesthetics of Film, or A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Movies" [BB]
Topic III. Should Films be Cinematic?
Week 4.
T: C7 (2/12): Medium Specificity
Movies
"Touch of Evil" (Welles, 1948)
"The Rules of the Game" (Renoir, 1939) [clips shown in class]
"Prince of Darkness" (Carpenter, 1987) [clips shown in class]
Readings
Noël Carroll, "Medium Specificity Arguments and the Self-Consciously Invented Arts: Film, Video, and Photography" [BB]
Andre Bazin, "The Ontology of the Photographic Image" [BB]
Andre Bazin, "The Evolution of the Language of Cinema" [BB]
Andre Bazin, "The Myth of Total Cinema" [BB]
Further Reading
Noël Carroll, PMP Ch. 2, "Medium Specificity" [PMP]
Andre Bazin, "The Virtues and Limitations of Montage" [BB]
Andre Bazin, "Cinema and Exploration" [BB]
R: C8 (2/14): Cinematicity
Movies
"My Dinner with Andre" (Malle, 1981)
Readings
Murray Smith, "My Dinner with Noël: or, Can We Forget the Medium?" [BB]
Berys Gaut, pp. 282-295 from A Philosophy of Cinematic Art [BB]
Aaron Smuts, "Cinematic" [BB]
Topic IV. Do Films Have Authors?
Week 5.
T: C9 (2/19): Auteur Theory
Movies
"Vertigo" (Hitchcock, 1958)
Readings
Andrew Sarris, "Notes on the Auteur Theory" [BB]
Pauline Kael, "Circles and Squares" [BB]
Andrew Sarris, "The Auteur Theory Revisited" [BB]
Further Reading
David Bordwell, "Octave's Hop - Andrew Sarris" [here]
Andrew Sarris, "Toward a Theory of Film History" [BB]
Stephen Heath, "Against Authorship" [BB]
R: C10 (2/21): Joint Authorship
Movies
"The Shop Around the Corner" (Lubitsch, 1940)
"Duck Soup" (McCarey, 1933) [clips shown in class]
Readings
Paisley Livingston, "Cinematic Authorship" [PFMP]
Further Reading
V. F. Perkins, Film as Film, ch.8 "Direction and Authorship"
Noel Carroll, "Art, Intention, and Conversation" [BB]
Week 6.
T: C11 (2/26): Collective Authorship
Movies
"The Long Goodbye" (Altman, 1973)
Readings
Berys Gaut, "Cinematic Authorship," PCA ch.3 [BB]
Further Reading
Berys Gaut, "Film Authorship and Collaboration" [BB]
Thomas Schatz, excerpt from The Genius of the System [BB]
Paul Sellors, "Collective Authorship in Film" [BB]
Topic V. Film Evaluation
R: C12 (2/28): The Pluralistic Category Approach
Movies
"Carmen Jones" (Preminger, 1954)
"Cremaster 3" (Barney, 2002) [clips shown in class] [imdb]
Readings
Carroll, PMP Ch.7, "Evaluation" [BB]
Further Reading
Daniel Kaufman, "Normative Criticism and the Objective Value of Artworks" [BB]
Topic VI. What is a Documentary Film?
Week 7.
T: C13 (3/5): Trace Theory
Movies
"Hoop Dreams" (James, 1994) [imdb]
"Queen of Versailles" (Greenfield, 2012) [clips shown in class]
Readings
Gregory Currie, "Visible Traces" [PFMP]
Further Reading
Andre Bazin, “The Virtues and Limitations of Montage” [BB]
Andre Bazin, “Cinema and Exploration” [BB]
R: C14 (3/7): Assertion Theory
Movies
"Sans Soleil" (Marker, 1983)
"Buck" (Meehl, 2011) [clips shown in class]
Readings
Noël Carroll, "Fiction, Non-Fiction, and the Film of Presumptive Assertion" [PFMP]
Further Reading
Noël Carroll, "Photographic Traces and Documentary Films" [BB]
Gregory Currie, "Preserving Traces" [BB]
Paul Arthur, "Essay Film" [BB]
Carl Plantinga, "What a Documentary Is, After All" [BB]
Week 8 ***SPRING BREAK 3/11-1/15***
Topic VII. Must Films Have Narrators?
Week 9.
T: C15 (3/19): The Case for Film Narrators
Movies
"Double Indemnity" (Wilder, 1944)
"Sunset Boulevard" (Wilder, 1950) [clips shown in class]
Readings
George Wilson, "Le Grand Imagier Steps Out" [PFMP]
Further Reading
Seymour Chatman, "The Cinematic Narrator" [BB]
David Bordwell, “Principles of Film Narration” [BB]
Jerrold Levinson, "Film Music and Narrative Agency" [BB]
Other
Philosophy TV: Thomson-Jones and Wilson on Film Narrators
R: C16 (3/21): Unreliable Narration
Movies
"The Tenant" (Polanski, 1976)
"Fight Club" (Fincher, 1999)
Readings
Gregory Currie, "Unreliability Reconfigured" [BB]
Topic VIII. Film and Emotion
Week 9.
T: C17 (3/26): The Case Against Film Narrators
Movies
"Jerry McGuire" (Crowe, 1996)
Readings
Andrew Kania, "Against the Ubiquity of Fictional Narrators" [BB]
R: C18: (3/28): The Paradox of Fiction
Movies
"Point Blank" (Boorman, 1967)
Readings
Colin Radford, "How Can We Be Moved by the Fate of Anna Karenina?" [BB]
Further Reading
Berys Gaut, selection from Art, Emotion, and Ethics [BB]
Week 10.
T: C19 (4/2): Film and Emotion
Movies
"Don’t Look Now" (Roeg, 1973)
Readings
Carroll, PMP Ch. 6
Further Reading
Kendall Walton, “Fearing Fictions” [PFMP]
Noël Carroll, The Philosophy of Horror, pp. 59-88. [BB]
Alex Neill, "Empathy and (Film) Fiction" [BB]
Deborah Knight, "In Fictional Shoes: Mental Simulation and Fiction" [PFMP]
Topic IX. Do Audiences Identify With Characters?
R: C20 (4/4): Against Identification
Movies
"The Thing" (Carpenter, 1982)
Readings
Noël Carroll, The Philosophy of Horror, pp. 88-96. [BB]
Week 11.
T: C21 (4/9): In Defense of Identification
Movies
"Say Anything" (Crowe, 1989)
Readings
Berys Gaut, "Identification and Emotion in Narrative Fiction" [PFMP]
R: C22 (4/11): Sympathy for the Devil
Movies
"Pulp Fiction" (Tarantino, 1994)
Readings
Murray Smith, "Gangsters, Cannibals, Aesthetes, or Apparently Perverse Allegiances" [BB]
Further Reading
Murray Smith, chapter 3 from Engaging Characters [BB]
Noel Carroll, "Sympathy for Soprano" [BB]
Murray Smith, "Imagining from the Inside" [BB]
Topic X. Why Do People Watch Melodramas and Horror Movies?
Week 12.
T: C23 (4/16): The Paradox of Horror
Movies
"Suspiria" (Argento, 1977)
Readings
David Hume, "Of Tragedy" [BB]
Noël Carroll, The Philosophy of Horror, Ch. 4 [BB]
R: C24 (4/18): The Paradox of Painful Art
Movies
"Au Hasard Balthazar" (Bresson, 1966)
"Scenes From a Marriage" (Bergman, 1973) [clips shown in class]
Readings
Aaron Smuts, "Art and Negative Affect" [BB]
Further Reading
Aaron Smuts, "Why Do We Listen to Sad Songs?" [BB]
Susan Feagin, "The Pleasures of Tragedy" [BB]
Topic XI. Can Film do Philosophy?
Week 14.
T: C25 (4/23): The Limitations of Film
Movies
"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind" (Gondry, 2004)
Readings
Bruce Russell, "The Philosophical Limits of Film" [PFMP]
Thomas Wartenberg, "Beyond Mere Illustration" [BB]
Further Reading
Russell, "Film's Limits: The Sequel"
Carroll, "Philosophy in the Moving Image: Response to Bruce Russell"
Wartenberg, "What Else Films Can Do: A Response to Bruce Russell"
Russell, "Replies to Carroll and Wartenberg"
R: C26 (4/25): The Bold Thesis
Movies
"Wings of Desire" (Wenders, 1987)
Readings
Paisley Livingston, "Theses on Cinema as Philosophy" [BB]
Further Readings
Murray Smith, “Film Art, Argument, and Ambiguity” [BB]
Week 15.
T: C27 (4/30): Defending the Bold Thesis
Movies
"It's a Wonderful Life" (Capra, 1946)
"The Little People" (Twilight Zone, season 3) [clips shown in class]
"October" (Eisenstein, 1928) [clips shown in class]
Readings
Aaron Smuts, "Film as Philosophy: In Defense of a Bold Thesis" [BB]
Further Reading
Aaron Smuts, "It’s a Wonderful Life: Pottersville and the Meaning of Life” [BB]
Chris Grau, "Love, Loss, and Identity in Solaris" [BB]
Topix XII. Is Watching Movies Like Dreaming?
R: C28 (5/2):
Movies
"Mulholland Drive" (Lynch, 2001)
"Spellbound" (Hitchcock, 1945) [clips shown in class]
"The Science of Sleep" (Gondry, 2006) [clips shown in class]
Readings
Susanne Langer, "A Note on Film" [PFMP]
Francis Sparshott, "Vision and Dream in Cinema" [PFMP]
Further Reading
Colin McGinn, (chs.4 and 5) from The Power of Movies [BB]
Colin McGinn, (ch.6) from Mindsight [BB]
Carroll, (ch.1) from Mystifying Movies [BB]
Baudry, "The Apparatus" [BB]
Eric Schwitzgebel, "Why did we think we dreamed in black and white? [BB]