PBL Activity Schema

The HOW TO of PBL*: Problem-Based Learning tutorials using the Maastricht 7-step methodology.

Step 1: Identify and clarify unfamiliar terms presented in the scenario; scribe lists those that remain unexplained after discussion.

Step 2: Define the problem or problems to be discussed; students may have different views on the issues, but all should be considered; scribe records a list of agreed problems.

Step 3: ‘Brainstorming’ session to discuss the problem(s), suggesting possible explanations on the basis of prior knowledge; students draw on each other’s knowledge and identify area of incomplete knowledge; scribe records all discussion.

Step 4: Review Steps 2 and 3 and arrange explanations into tentative solutions; scribe organizes the explanations and restructures if necessary.

Step 5: Formulate learning objectives; group reaches consensus on the learning objectives; tutor ensures learning objectives are focused, achievable, comprehensive and appropriate.

Step 6: Private study (all students gather information related to each learning objective).

Step 7: Group shares results of private study (students identify their learning resources and share their results); tutor checks learning and may assess the group.

Ref. Wood DF (2003) ABC of learning and teaching in medicine: problem based learning. British Medical Journal 326: 328–30. (See below)

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PBL| Pharmacotherapeutics learning activities:

The PBL component of the course will be facilitated by using select pharmacotherapy cases provided by the tutor based upon data in Pharmacotherapy Handbook, Seventh Edition and Handbook of Applied Therapeutics, Ninth Edition.

* Students are referred to the article linked below for essential background information, methods and approach for self-study, group discussion, write up and presentation of cases: Schwinghamme T L. Ch. 1 Introduction: How to Use This Casebook and Appendix D: Sample Response to Cases. In Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient- Focused Approach 7ed. (Schwinghamme T L and Koehle JM Eds.) McGraw-Hill Companies 2009; Pgs. 1-6 and 399-407

Reading:

Roden DM (2012) Ch.5 Principles of Clinical Pharmacology, In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine,18th Ed., McGraw-Hill, Pgs.33-49

Diasio RB. (2016). Ch. 29 Principles of Drug Therapy, In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine (eds. Goldman L, Schafer AI.) 25th ed. Saunders, Pgs. 124-33

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