This is a general page for information on Mixed-Criticality Systems research at the Real-Time Systems Group of the Department of Computer Science at the University of York.
An increasingly important trend in the design of real-time and embedded systems is the integration of components with different levels of criticality onto a common hardware platform. At the same time, these platforms are migrating from single cores to multi/many-cores and cyber-physical systems. Criticality is a designation of the level of assurance against failure needed for a system component. A mixed criticality system is one that has two or more distinct levels (for example safety critical, mission critical and low-critical).
People Involved
- Professor Alan Burns, PI
- Dr Robert Davis, RCI
- Dr Leandro Soares Indrusiak, CI
- Dr Iain Bate, CI
- Dr James Harbin, RA
- Professor Sanjoy Baruah, Washington University at St Louis
Funded Research Projects On Mixed Criticality Systems
- MCC (Mixed Criticality on Manycores) - EPSRC funded, ref EP/K011626/1, 2013-2016
- MCCps (Mixed Criticality Cyber-Physical Systems) - EPSRC funded, ref EP/P003664/1, 2016-2019
Industrial advisors
Publications
Literature review
A Review of published work on Mixed Criticality Systems is available; it attempts to include all relevant publications up to March 2019. This is the twelfth version of this review. If there are any corrections/additions please send to Alan Burns.
MCC Review 2019 v12 (PDF, 411KB)
Publications
2019
- J. Harbin, A. Burns, R.I. Davis, L. S. Indrusiak, I. Bate, D. Griffin: The AirTight Protocol for Mixed Criticality Wireless CPS, ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems, v. 4, n. 2, Dec 2019. (link to White Rose open access repository)
- L. S. Indrusiak, J. Harbin, C. Reinbrecht and M. J. Sepulveda: Side-channel protected MPSoC through secure real-time networks-on-chip, Microprocessors and Microsystems, v. 68, p. 34-46. (link to Elsevier)
- D. Griffin, J. Harbin, A. Burns, I. Bate, R.I. Davis, L. S. Indrusiak: Validating high level simulation results against experimental data and low level simulation: a case study, Proc. of the 27th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS), 2019, p. 30-40.
2018
- A. Burns, J. Harbin, L. S. Indrusiak, I. Bate, R.I. Davis, D. Griffin: AirTight: A Resilient Wireless Communication Protocol for Mixed-Criticality Systems, Proc. 24th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA), 2018, p. 65-75. (link to White Rose open access repository)
- A. Burns, R.I. Davis, S. Baruah, I. Bate: Robust Mixed Criticality Systems, IEEE Transactions on Computers, Early access 2nd May 2018. (link to IEEE Xplore)
- R.I. Davis, S. Altmeyer, and A. Burns: Mixed Criticality Systems with Varying Context Switch Costs, Proc. of IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS) 11-13th Apr 2018. (link to authors' version)
2017
- A. Burns and R.I. Davis: A Survey of Research into Mixed Criticality Systems, ACM Computing Surveys, 2017 (link to ACM DL)
- A. Burns and R.I. Davis: Response Time Analysis for Mixed Criticality Systems with Arbitrary Deadlines, Proc. of the Workshop on Mixed Criticality (WMC), IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), 2017 (link to proceedings)
- C. Deutschbein, T. Fleming, A. Burns, S. Baruah: Multi-core Cyclic Executives for Safety-Critical Systems, Int Symposium on Dependable Software Engineering: Theories, Tools, and Applications (SETTA), 2017, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10606 (link to LNCS)
- L. S. Indrusiak, J. Harbin and M. J. Sepulveda: Side-Channel Attack Resilience through Route Randomisation in Secure Real-Time Networks-on-Chip, Proc. of the 12th International Symposium on Reconfigurable Communication-Centric Systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC), 2017 (link to IEEE Xplore)
- T. Fleming, H. M. Huang, A. Burns, C. D. Gill, S. Baruah, C. Lu: Corrections to and Discussion of "Implementation and Evaluation of Mixed-criticality Scheduling Approaches for Sporadic Tasks", ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, 2017 (link to ACM DL)
- A. Burns, S. Baruah: Migrating Mixed Criticality Tasks Within a Cyclic Executive Framework, Proc. of Ada-Europe Int Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, 2017, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10300 (link to LNCS)
- I. Bate, A. Burns and R.I. Davis: An Enhanced Bailout Protocol for Mixed Criticality Embedded Software, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2017 (link to IEEE Xplore)
2016
- S. Baruah, A. Burns and Z. Guo: Scheduling mixed-criticality systems to guarantee some service under all non-erroneous behaviors, Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS), 2016 (PDF, 224kb)
- N. C. Audsley, M. Gonomy, J. Garside, B. Akesson and K. Goossens: A Globally Arbitrated Memory Tree for Mixed-Time-Criticality Systems, IEEE Transactions on Computers, 2016 (link to IEEE Xplore)
- D. Maxim, R.I. Davis, L. Cucu-Grosjean and A. Easwaran: Probabilistic Analysis for Mixed Criticality Scheduling with SMC and AMC, Proceedings of the Workshop on Mixed Criticality Systems (WMC), 6th Dec 2016 (PDF, 263kb)
- T. Fleming and A. Burns: Utilising Asymmetric Parallelism in Multi-Core MCS Implemented via Cyclic Executives, Proceedings of Workshop on Mixed Criticality, IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), 2016 (PDF, 339kb)
- C. Evripidou and A. Burns: Scheduling for Mixed-criticality Hypervisor Systems in the Automotive Domain, Proceedings of Workshop on Mixed Criticality, IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), 2016 (PDF, 368kb)
- T. Fleming and S. Baruah and A. Burns: Improving the Schedulability of Mixed Criticality Cyclic Executives via Limited Task Splitting, Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS), 2016 (PDF, 480kb)
2015
- T. Fleming and A. Burns: Investigating Mixed Criticality Cyclic Executive Schedule Generation, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, 2015. FlemmingBurnsWMC2015 (PDF , 205kb)WMC2015proceedings (PDF , 1,170kb)
- A. Burns and S. Baruah: Semi-partitioned Cyclic Executives for Mixed Criticality Systems, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, 2015. BurnsBaruahWMC2015 (PDF , 226kb)WMC2015proceedings (PDF , 1,170kb)
- D. Griffin, I. Bate and B. Lesage: Evaluating Mixed Criticality Scheduling Algorithms with Realistic Workloads, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, 2015. GriffinBateLesageSoboczenski2015 (PDF , 153kb)
- A. Thekkilakattil, A. Burns, R. Dobrin and S. Punnekkat: Mixed Criticality Systems: Beyond Transient Faults, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, 2015. ThekkilakattilBurnsDobrinPunnekkatWMC2015 (PDF , 73kb)WMC2015proceedings (PDF , 1,170kb)
- O. Gettings, S. Quinton and R.I. Davis: Mixed Criticality Systems with Weakly-Hard Constraints, Int Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS), pp 237-246, 2015. GettingsQuintonDavisRTNS2015 (PDF , 625kb)
- H. Xu and A. Burns: Semi-partitioned model for dual-core mixed criticality system, Int Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS), pp 257-266, 2015. XuBurnsRTNS2015 (PDF , 436kb)
- I. Bate, A. Burns and R.I. Davis: A Bailout Protocol for Mixed Criticality Systems, Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS), pp 259-268, 2015. (Outstanding Paper Award) Bate Burns Davis ECRTS 2015 (PDF , 248kb)
- L. S. Indrusiak, J. Harbin and A. Burns: Average and Worst-Case Latency Improvements in Mixed-Criticality Wormhole Networks-on-Chip, Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS), pp 47-56, 2015. Indrusiak Harbin Burns ECRTS 2015 (PDF , 480kb)
- A. Burns, S. Baruah and T. Fleming: Cyclic Executives, Multi-Core Platforms and Mixed Criticality Applications, Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS), pp 3-12, 2015. Burns Fleming Baruah ECRTS 2015 (PDF , 331kb)
- J. Harbin, T. Fleming, L. S. Indrusiak and A. Burns: GMCB: An Industrial Benchmark for use in Real-Time Mixed-Criticality Networks-on-Chip, Int Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems (WATERS), 2015. Harbin Fleming Indrusiak Burns WATERS 2015 (PDF , 185kb)
2014
- A. Burns, J. Harbin and L. S. Indrusiak: A Wormhole NoC Protocol for Mixed Criticality Systems, Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), pp 184-195, 2014. AB_JH_LSI_RTSS2014 (PDF , 646kb)
- A. Burns and R.I. Davis: Adaptive Mixed Criticality Scheduling with Deferred Preemption, Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), pp 21-30, 2014. RTSS 2014 Burns Davis (PDF , 637kb)
- S. Baruah and A. Burns: Achieving temporal isolation in multiprocessor mixed-criticality systems, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, pp 21-26, 2014. WMC 2014 Baruah Burns (PDF , 237kb)
- T. Fleming and A. Burns: Incorporating The Notion of Importance into Mixed Criticality Systems, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, pp 33-38, 2014. WMC 2014 Fleming Burns (PDF , 320kb)
- A. Burns: System Mode Changes - General and Criticality-Based, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, pp 3-8, 2014. AB_WMC2014 (PDF , 77kb)
2013
- T. Fleming and A. Burns: Extending Mixed Criticality Scheduling, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, pp7-12, 2013. WMC 2013 Fleming (PDF , 792kb)
- A. Burns and S. Baruah: Towards A More Practical Model for Mixed Criticality Systems, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, pp1-6, 2013. WMC 2013 Burns (PDF , 185kb)
- P. Graydon and I. Bate: Safety Assurance Driven Problem Formulation for Mixed-Criticality Scheduling, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, 2013. WMC 2013 Bate (PDF , 185kb)
- N.C. Audsley: Memory Architectures for NoC-Based Real-Time Mixed Criticality Systems, Proceeding of WMC, RTSS, 2013. WMC 2013 Audsley (PDF , 415kb)
- A. Burns: The Application of the Original Priority Ceiling Protocol to Mixed Criticality Systems, Proceedings of ReTiMiCS, RTCSA, L. George and G. Lipari (eds), pp7-11, 2013. RTCSA2013 Burns (PDF , 203kb)
- S.K. Baruah, A. Burns and R.I. Davis: An Extended Fixed Priority Scheme for Mixed Criticality Systems, Proceedings of ReTiMiCS, RTCSA, L. George and G. Lipari (eds), pp18-24, 2013. RTCSA2013 Baruah Burns and Davis (PDF , 394kb)
- S.K. Baruah and A. Burns: Fixed-priority scheduling of dual-criticality systems, Proceedings of Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS), p173-182, 2013. RTNS 2013 Baruah and Burns (PDF , 224kb)
- A. Burns and R.I. Davis: Mixed Criticality on Controller Area Network, Proceedings of ECRTS, p125-134, 2013. ECRTS 2013 Burns and Davis (PDF , 452kb)
2011
- S.K. Baruah and A. Burns and R. I. Davis, Response-Time Analysis for Mixed Criticality Systems: Real-Time Systems Symposium, 2011, pp34-43, 2011.
- S.K. Baruah and A. Burns: Implementing mixed criticality systems in Ada, In A. Romanovsky, editor, Proc. of Reliable Software Technologies - Ada-Europe 2011, pages 174–188. Springer, 2011.
- A. Burns and S. Baruah: Timing faults and mixed criticality systems. In Jones and Lloyd, editors, Dependable and Historic Computing, volume LNCS 6875, pages 147–166. Springer, 2011.
Invited talks
Invited talks from York on the topic of Mixed Criticality Systems:
- I. Bate and Stephen Law: Keynote on Challenges in Applying Mixed-Criticality Systems to Aircraft Engine Control Systems, Workshop on Mixed Criticality (WMC), Paris, France, December 2017.
- A. Burns: Defining and Delivering Resilience in Mixed-Criticality Systems, Workshop on Mixed Criticality (WMC), Paris, France, December 2017.
- L.S. Indrusiak: Keynote on Networks-on-Chip for Real-Time and Mixed-Criticality Applications, 12th International Symposium on Reconfigurable Communication-Centric Systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC), Madrid, Spain, July 2017.
- L.S. Indrusiak: Keynote on Priority-based Wormhole Networks-on-Chip: challenges and opportunities, 15th International Workshop on Real-Time Networks (RTN), Dubrovnik, Croatia, June 2017.
- L.S. Indrusiak: Keynote on Network-on-Chip Platforms for Real-Time Mixed-Criticality Applications, 23rd International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS), Lille, France, November 2015.
- A. Burns: Emergent issues in the adoption of multi core processors, BAE Systems Community of Practice Workshop, September 2015.
- L.S. Indrusiak: Real-Time Mixed-Criticality Network-on-Chip Resource Allocation, Workshop on Dependable Many-Core Computing (DMCC), Amsterdam, Netherlands, July 2015.
- A. Burns: Keynote on Mixed Criticality, Dagstuhl Seminar on Mixed Criticality on Multicore/Manycore Platforms, March 2015.
- A. Burns: Mixed Criticality and Many-Core Platforms, University of Graz, Austria, September 2014.
- A. Burns: Mixed Criticality and Many-Core Platforms, The High Integrity Software Conference (HIS), Bristol, UK, October 2014.
Workshops and Seminars
International Workshops and seminars organised by researchers at York on the topic of Mixed Criticality Systems:
- Dagstuhl Seminar on Mixed Criticality on Multicore/Manycore Platforms 2017, Dagstuhl, Germany, March 2017
- Dagstuhl Seminar on Mixed Criticality on Multicore/Manycore Platforms 2015, Dagstuhl, Germany, March, 2015.
- Workshop on Mixed Criticality systems (WMC), San Antonio, Texas, USA, Dec 2015. WMC 2015
- Workshop on Mixed Criticality systems (WMC), Rome, Italy, Dec 2014. WMC 2014
- Workshop on Mixed Criticality systems (WMC), Vancouver, Canada, Dec 2013. WMC 2013