Dr. Craig Bauer
Professor of Mathematics
York College of Pennsylvania
Spring 2023 Classes
MAT 391 Cryptology
PSC 138 Science and Unidentified Aerial Phenomena
Past Courses Taught
I've taken the opportunity to broaden myself mathematically by teaching a wide range of classes over the years. The four courses marked by * are ones I designed.
*FYS 100 Unsolved! History's Greatest Ciphers
MA 105 College Algebra II
*MA 107 History of Codes and Ciphers
MA 111 Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
MA 120 Applied Calculus
MA 171 Calculus I
MA 172 Calculus II
MA 230 Exploring Mathematics with the Computer
MA 235 Discrete Mathematics
MA 260 Linear Algebra
MA 280 Math Structures
MA 350 Probability and Statistics
MA 361 Abstract Algebra
MA 371 Elementary Analysis I
MA 372 Elementary Analysis II
MA 390 History of Mathematics
*MA 391 Cryptology
MA 480 Topology
MA 490 Mathematics Internship
MA 496 Reading and Research in Mathematics
*PSC 138 Science and Unidentified Aerial Phenomena
Books
1. Secret History: The Story of Cryptology, CRC / Chapman Hall, 2013.
A Chinese translation saw print in 2019.
A second, expanded and updated, edition was published (in English) in 2021.
I'm in the process of updating the exercises. In a short time, they will be posted here. If you want them right away, send me an email and I will respond with the old version. Thanks!
2. Unsolved!: The History and Mystery of the World's Greatest Ciphers from Ancient Egypt to Online Secret Societies , Princeton University Press, 2017.
The initial work for this book was supported by the National Security Agency's Center for Cryptologic History, under their Scholar-in-Residence program. It was brought to completion during a sabbatical. Thank you!
A Chinese translation, in two volumes, saw print in 2019
3. Discrete Encounters, CRC / Chapman Hall, 2020.
Other Publications
1. Triangular Monoids and an Analog to the Derived Sequence of a Solvable Group, International Journal of Algebra and Computation, Vol. 10, No. 3 (2000) 309-321.
2. A Statistical Attack on the Running Key Cipher, Cryptologia, Vol. 26, No. 4 (2002) 274-282. (coauthored with Christian N. S. Tate).
3. Cryptology in York Pennsylvania, Cryptologia, Vol. 29, No. 2 (2005). (coauthored with Suzanne Gladfelter)
4. Results of an Automated Attack on the Running Key Cipher, Cryptologia, Vol.29, No. 3 (2005). (coauthored with Elliott J. Gottloeb)
5. The Cryptologic Contributions of Dr. Donald Menzel, Cryptologia, Vol. 30, No. 4 (2006). (coauthored with John Ulrich)
6. Cracking Matrix Encryption Row by Row, Cryptologia, Vol. 31, No. 1 (2007). (coauthored with Katherine Millward)
7. From the Archives: Reading Stimson ' s Mail, Cryptologia, Vol. 31, No. 2 (2007). (coauthored with Joel Burkholder)
8. Exploring Mathematics with the Computer, PRIMUS, Vol. 20, No. 1 (2010).' This paper was recognized by the publisher as being PRIMUS's most downloaded paper of 2010. It was put on thumb drives, along with a few other papers, and distributed freely by the publisher at the 2011 Joint Mathematics Meetings.
9. Cornelia Meigs: A Persistent Patriot, History Today, (December 8, 2011)' This is an NSA in-house electronic publication.
10. Return of the Zodiac?, History Today (October 29, 2012)' This is an NSA in-house electronic publication.
11. The Mysterious Death of Paul Rubin, History Today (January 3, 2013)' This is an NSA in-house electronic publication.
12. Alan Turing and Voice Encryption: A Play in Three Acts, in Alan Turing: His Work and Impact, edited by S. Barry Cooper and J. van Leeuwen, Elsivier (2013).
'The new testament of computer science has come, 101 years after the birth of founding prophet Alan Turing. How big is the incomputable universe? Can digital machines think? Do daisies emerge from pure chemistry? If your soul craves answers to such questions, this is your new bible.' ' 'Nature, June 19, 2013
13 . Cryptanalysis, in Encyclopedia of U.S. Intelligence, edited by Dr. Greg Moore, Taylor & 'Francis, 2014.
14. How Modular Arithmetic Helped win World War II, Cryptologic Quarterly (CQ), 2015.
15. Zodiac in New York?, History Today (October 2015)' This is an NSA in-house electronic publication.
16. The Myth of the Rebel Newspaper Ads, Cryptologic Quarterly ( CQ), Vol. 35, No. 1, 2016. This was a classified edition of CQ, but the paper will be reprinted in the next unclassified edition (which will likely appear in 2020).
17. James Sanborn's Kryptos and the Matrix Encryption Conjecture, Cryptologia, Vol. 40, No. 6 (2016) 541-552. (coauthored with Gregory Link and Dante Molle)
18. The Early History of Voice Encryption, in Philosophical Explorations of the Legacy of Alan Turing: Turing at 100, edited by Juliet Floyd and Alissa Bokulich, Springer (2017).
I have also written a large number of book reviews.
Television
1. Codes and Conspiracies (AMERICAN HEROES CHANNEL)' Season 3, Episode 1 'Pearl harbor' This episode premiered on October 11, 2016 and is rerun often.
2. Codes and Conspiracies (AMERICAN HEROES CHANNEL)' Season 3, Episode 6 'Code Wars'
A small portion of this episode can be seen here .
3. The Hunt for the Zodiac Killer (HISTORY CHANNEL)
Series Opens Up a New Investigation into the Mystery of the Unidentified Serial Killer
Five-Part Nonfiction Series Premiered Tuesday, November 14, 2017 at 10PM ET /PT
4. Cracking the Code of Cicada 3301 ' Episodes 2 and 3. ' This was a four-part mini-series that premiered online in August 2019. You can start watching with episode 1 here.
5. History's Greatest Mysteries (HISTORY CHANNEL) Season 1, Episodes 5, 6, and 7 'Roswell: First Witness' (December 12, 19, and 26, 2020.)
6. American Experience (PBS) Season 33, Episode 1 “The Codebreaker” (January 11, 2021). Because of COVID, I only worked behind the scenes as an advisor on this production.
YouTube
1. The World's Greatest Unsolved Ciphers, part 1
2. The World's Greatest Unsolved Ciphers, part 2
3. Unsolved! The History and Mystery of the World's Greatest Ciphers
(This is a more current version of the talk listed as 1 and 2, aimed at a general audience.)
Selected Talks
I enjoy visiting other campuses to meet with colleagues and lecture. Some recent talks are listed below.
1. United States Military Academy (West Point, New York) 'Extreme Ciphers' April 3, 2006.
2. Winters Mill High School (Westminster, Maryland) 'Cryptologic Careers' November 15, 2006.
3. The Cardinal Gibbons School (Baltimore, Maryland) 'An Overview of Cryptology' November 20, 2006.
4. University of Richmond (Richmond, Virginia) 'Cracking Matrix Encryption Row by Row' September 24, 2007.
5. Gettysburg College (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania) 'A New Connection Between the Triangles of Stirling and Pascal' October 18, 2007.
6. Northern Kentucky University (Highland Heights, Kentucky) 'Cryptanalysis of the Running Key Cipher' & 'Cryptology on Campus During WW II' (two talks) November 5, 2007.
7. Joint Mathematics Meetings (San Diego, California) 'Cryptology on Campus During World War II' January 8, 2008.
8. Mount St. Mary's University, (Emmitsburg, Maryland) 'A New Connection Between the Triangles of Stirling and Pascal' November 3, 2008.
9. Philadelphia Area Seminar on the History of Mathematics (PASHoM), Villanova University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 'Cryptology on campus during World War II' September 17, 2009.
10. Cryptologic History Symposium (Laurel, Maryland) 'The Early History of Teaching Cryptology' October 15, 2009.
11. DeVry University (North Brunswick, New Jersey) 'Turning Japanese (ciphers into intelligence)' October 8, 2010.
12. William Penn High School (York, Pennsylvania) 'How the Enigma Machine Worked and How it Was Cracked' November 5, 2010.
13. Jewish Community Center (York, Pennsylvania) 'Kosher Crypto' August 28, 2011.
14. Franklin and Marshall College (Lancaster, Pennsylvania) 'A Detailed Look at How the Nazi Enigma Ciphers Were Broken Along with the Historical Background and Impact' September 22, 2011.
15. Cryptologic History Symposium (Laurel, Maryland) 'Open Problems in Cryptologic History' October 6, 2011.
16. Research and Engineering Building, NSA (Fort Meade, Maryland) 'Stirling Numbers of the 2nd Kind and the Fundamental Interconnectedness of All Things' November 2, 2011.
17. William Penn High School (York, Pennsylvania) 'Matrix Encryption History and Attacks' November 10, 2011.
18. William Penn High School (York, Pennsylvania) 'Matrix Encryption History and Attacks Part II' December 12, 2011.
19. Joint Mathematics Meetings (Boston, Massachusetts) 'Alan Turing's Work on Voice Encryption' January 5, 2012.
20. NSA's Women in Math Society (WiMS) (Fort Meade, Maryland) 'Top 10 Coolest Mathematical Results You Haven't Heard Of' February 23, 2012.
21. Charlotte International Cryptologic Symposium (Charlotte, North Carolina) 'Crypto Math' March 22, 2012.
22. North Carolina State University (Raleigh, North Carolina) 'Alan Turing's Work on Ciphony' April 18, 2012.
23. North Carolina State University (Raleigh, North Carolina) 'A Detailed Look at How the Nazi Enigma Ciphers Were Broken Along with the Historical Background and Impact' April 20, 2012.
24. National Security Agency, Friedman auditorium (Fort Meade, Maryland) 'An Anecdotal History of Cryptologic Journals' April 30, 2012.
25. National Cryptologic Museum (Fort Meade, Maryland) 'An Anecdotal History of Cryptologic Journals' May 1, 2012.
26. William Penn High School (York, Pennsylvania) 'Alan Turing and Voice Encryption' May 18 2012.
27 . Sons of Norway (Lancaster, Pennsylvania) 'Viking Crypto' May 18 2012.
28. William Penn High School (York, Pennsylvania ) 'RSA' May 22, 2012.
29. National Cryptologic Museum (Fort Meade, Maryland) 'How the Poles Broke Enigma' July 23, 2012.
30. Turing 100 Conference, Boston University (Boston, Massachusetts) 'Alan Turing and Voice Encryption' November 11, 2012.
31. National Electronics Museum (Linthicum, Maryland) 'SIGSALY America's Unbreakable Voice Encryption' November 14, 2012.
32. University of South Carolina Upstate (Spartanburg, South Carolina) 'Enigma: The Cipher Machine that Changed WW II' March 28, 2013.
33. Camden County College (Camden, New Jersey) 'Enigma: The Cipher Machine that Changed World War II' April 8, 2013.
34. National Cryptologic Museum (Fort Meade, Maryland) 'Fun with Entropy' April 22, 2013.
35. US Naval Academy (Annapolis, Maryland) 'Unsolved: The World's Greatest Codes and / or Ciphers' April 24, 2013
36. National Cryptologic Museum (Fort Meade, Maryland) 'Zodiac in New York' June 26, 2013.
37. National Cryptologic Museum (Fort Meade, Maryland) 'Turning Japanese (Ciphers into Plaintext)' August 8, 2013.
38. National Cryptologic Museum (Fort Meade, Maryland) 'A History of Public Key Cryptography' September 6, 2013.
39. Drexel University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 'How the Poles Beat the Nazis (in the Cipher War)' October 9, 2013.
40. Cryptologic History Symposium (Laurel, Maryland) 'Alan Turing's Work on Voice Encryption' October 17, 2013.
41. Susquehanna Trail Genealogy Club (York, Pennsylvania) 'Breaking Family Secrets' February 27, 2014.
42. Charlotte International Cryptologic Symposium (Charlotte, North Carolina) 'Cryptanalysis of Enigma' March 21, 2014
43. Jewish Community Center (York, Pennsylvania) 'The Cipher Challenge of World War I' May 20, 2014.
44. MAA Regional Meeting MD/DC/VA Section, Banquet Address (Bowie, Maryland) 'Unsolved: History's Greatest Ciphers' November 7, 2014.
45. CTY @ Dickinson College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania) 'Unsolved! History's Greatest Ciphers' July 13, 2015
46. CTY @ Franklin and Marshall (Lancaster, Pennsylvania) 'Unsolved! History's Greatest Ciphers' July 14, 2015
47. Kutztown University (Kutztown, Pennsylvania) 'Unsolved! History's Greatest Ciphers' September 15, 2015
48. Cryptologic History Symposium (Laurel, Maryland) 'A 100 year-old unsolved cipher' October 23, 2015
49. Cryptologic History Symposium (Laurel, Maryland) 'The World's Oldest Unsolved Cipher' October 23, 2015
50-53. Various talks at an elementary school, November 17, 2015 (1 st grade), December 8, 2015 (4 th grade), December 11 (5 th grade), March 11, 2016 (5 th grade again).
54. Charlotte International Cryptologic Symposium (Charlotte, North Carolina) "Unsolved! History's Greatest Ciphers' March 24, 2016.
55. Northeastern High School (Manchester, Pennsylvania) 'What is Cryptology?' January 23, 2017. The aim of this talk was to generate interest for a cryptology class that should run at the school next academic year.
56. Mt. St. Mary's University (Emmitsburg, Maryland) 'Top 10 Coolest Mathematical Results You Haven't Heard Of' April 2, 2017.
57. International Spy Museum (Washington D.C.) 'Unsolved! The History and Mystery of the World's Greatest Ciphers from Ancient Egypt to Online Secret Societies' July 18, 2017.
58. Cryptologic History Symposium (Laurel, Maryland) 'Of Cyanide and Ciphers' October 19, 2017.
59. HistoCrypt 2018: 1st International Conference on Historical Cryptology (Uppsala, Sweden) 'Updates on the World's Greatest Unsolved Ciphers' June 18, 2018.
60. Cryptologic History Symposium (Laurel, Maryland) 'The Langen-Yardley Correspondence' October 18, 2019.
National Security Agency
I was on a leave of absence for the 2011-2012 academic year to serve as the Scholar-in-Residence at NSA's Center for Cryptologic History. It was a fantastic experience and I highly recommend NSA to any students searching for a meaningful career.