The nominal interest rate of a one-year bond and the expected inflation rate are 6% and 4.5% respectively. If the actual inflation rate is 3%, then the actual real interest rate is and the actual rate of return of holding cash is .

Recall that the relationship between actual real interest rate and actual inflation rate is given by:

Actual real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Actual inflation rate

So, Actual real interest rate = 6% - 3% = 3%.

Also, the nominal rate of return of holding cash is always 0% (because it does not generate any interest payment).

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The nominal interest rate of a one-year bond and the expected inflation rate are 6% and 4.5% respectively. If the actual inflation rate is 3%, then the actual real interest rate is __________ and the actual rate of return of holding cash is __________.