Patient and provider experiences of culture, religion, and spirituality occur in a dynamic manner. Self-reflection, information about others, and learning practical tools for applying cultural competence and spiritual assessment skills helps us understand culture and spirituality in a way that reflects our daily experiences. This integrated and holistic approach to cultural competence and spirituality in health care is the foundation of my research, writing and teaching.

Culturally competent organizations are able to reduce risk, increase patient satisfaction, improve patient outcomes, and better serve their communities. Effective cross cultural communication can make a significant contribution to reducing health disparities. Including spirituality in patient centered care through spiritual assessment and care plans increases patient satisfaction and helps health care organizations meet accreditation guidelines.