AP Chemistry

In this unit, students will investigate the structure of atoms and the properties that arise from their composition. Emphasis is placed on subatomic particles, electron configurations, periodic trends, and the mole concept. Students will analyze how atomic structure influences the behavior and properties of matter.

In this unit, students will investigate how atoms combine to form ionic and covalent compounds. Emphasis is placed on chemical bonding, molecular geometry, and the relationship between structure and chemical properties. Students will use models to explain how the arrangement of atoms influences the behavior of substances. 

In this unit, students will investigate the forces that exist between particles and how these interactions affect the physical properties of substances. Emphasis is placed on intermolecular forces, solutions, and phase changes. Students will analyze how particle interactions influence boiling point, melting point, solubility, and other observable properties. 

In this unit, students will investigate the processes by which substances are transformed through chemical reactions. Emphasis is placed on reaction types, stoichiometry, conservation of mass, and the quantitative relationships between reactants and products. Students will use chemical equations and experimental data to predict and explain chemical changes. 

In this unit, students will investigate the factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions. Emphasis is placed on collision theory, reaction mechanisms, rate laws, and the influence of temperature and concentration on reaction speed. Students will analyze experimental data to explain how and why reaction rates change. 

In this unit, students will investigate the transfer and transformation of energy during physical and chemical processes. Emphasis is placed on energy conservation, enthalpy, entropy, and the factors that determine whether reactions occur spontaneously. Students will analyze how energy changes influence the behavior of chemical systems. 

In this unit, students will investigate dynamic systems in which opposing processes occur at equal rates. Emphasis is placed on equilibrium constants, Le Châtelier’s principle, and the factors that affect equilibrium position. Students will analyze how changes in conditions influence the behavior of chemical systems at equilibrium. 

In this unit, students will investigate the properties and behavior of acids and bases in chemical systems. Emphasis is placed on pH, acid-base reactions, buffers, titrations, and equilibrium in aqueous solutions. Students will use mathematical and conceptual models to explain how acids and bases interact and affect chemical processes. 

In this unit, students will investigate the relationship between chemical reactions and the flow of electrical energy. Emphasis is placed on oxidation-reduction reactions, electrochemical cells, and the movement of electrons through chemical systems. Students will analyze how chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy and electrical energy into chemical energy.