Anatomy and Physiology

In this unit, students will explore the fundamental concepts of human anatomy and physiology. Topics include anatomical terminology, body organization, levels of structural complexity, homeostasis, and the relationship between structure and function. Students will develop an understanding of how the body's systems work together to maintain life and health.

In this unit, students will investigate the basic building blocks of the human body. Topics include cell structure and function, cellular transport, cell division, and the four primary tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Students will examine how specialized cells and tissues contribute to the organization and function of body systems.

In this unit, students will explore the structure and function of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands. Topics include skin layers, thermoregulation, sensory functions, wound healing, and protection against environmental hazards. Students will examine common disorders and diseases affecting the integumentary system.

In this unit, students will investigate the structure and function of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints. Topics include bone anatomy, bone development and remodeling, joint classifications, and the role of the skeletal system in support, movement, and protection. Students will analyze common skeletal injuries and disorders.

In this unit, students will study the anatomy and physiology of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue. Topics include muscle structure, contraction mechanisms, energy use during exercise, and the interaction between muscles and the skeletal system. Students will examine factors that influence strength, endurance, and movement.

In this unit, students will explore the body's communication and control system. Topics include neuron structure and function, nerve impulse transmission, the central and peripheral nervous systems, sensory receptors, and brain anatomy. Students will investigate how the nervous system coordinates body activities and responds to internal and external stimuli.

In this unit, students will investigate the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Topics include cardiac anatomy, blood flow, blood pressure, circulation, and the transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Students will examine cardiovascular diseases and strategies for maintaining heart health.

In this unit, students will study the organs and processes involved in gas exchange. Topics include respiratory anatomy, ventilation, oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, and the regulation of breathing. Students will explore respiratory disorders and the effects of environmental factors on respiratory health.

In this unit, students will explore the structures and functions involved in digestion and nutrient absorption. Topics include the digestive tract, accessory organs, digestive enzymes, metabolism, and nutrient utilization. Students will investigate how diet and lifestyle choices affect digestive health.

In this unit, students will examine the organs responsible for filtering blood and maintaining fluid balance. Topics include kidney anatomy, urine formation, electrolyte regulation, acid-base balance, and waste removal. Students will explore disorders that affect kidney function and overall homeostasis.

In this unit, students will investigate the body's defense mechanisms against disease. Topics include lymphatic structures, immune responses, pathogens, vaccination, and disease prevention. Students will examine how the immune system identifies and responds to foreign substances.

In this unit, students will explore how medications and medical treatments affect the human body. Topics include drug classifications, mechanisms of action, dosage considerations, therapeutic uses, side effects, and interactions between pharmaceuticals and body systems. Students will analyze how common medications influence physiological processes and support the treatment of disease.

Throughout the course, students participate in laboratory investigations and dissections designed to reinforce anatomical concepts. Using preserved specimens and scientific tools, students will identify structures, compare anatomical systems, develop dissection skills, and apply observational techniques used in biological and medical sciences.