You must cite sources WHEN:

• Directly quote someone’s words

• Paraphrase someone’s ideas

• Use data, charts, images, or formulas

• Refer to specific theories or concepts (e.g., Kant’s deontology)
  
  

Note: Common knowledge (e.g., “Earth is round”) does not need citation.

WHAT are the common ways of citation:

IB allows multiple styles, but the most common are:

• APA (American Psychological Association)

• MLA (Modern Language Association)

• Chicago (Notes & Bibliography)

Citation Tips

1. EE: Cite at least 10–15 reliable sources (books, scholarly articles, credible websites).

2. TOK: Always cite sources for knowledge questions, theories, or expert opinions.

3. Citation Tools: Use ZoteroBib, Cite This For Me, or Mendeley to generate references.

4. In-text citation:

   • APA: (Author, Year)

   • MLA: (Author Page)

   • Chicago: Use footnotes

5. Biblography:

4. • At the end of your EE/ TOK

   • Put sources in alphabetical order by the author’s last name

   • Stick to ONLY ONE style

   • Use ZoteroBib to help making your biblography (better to use it while doing in-text citation instead of entering everything on your own in the end)

   • Always double-check if all citation were done and in one same style

Tutorials: