Short vowel sounds (a, e, i, o, u)

Digraphs (ck, th, ch)

Open syllable words (he, go, hi)

Giant all (ball, hall)

Double consonants (huff, pass, fell)

S-blends (skip, sled, spin)

L-blends (flip, black, club)

R-blends (brick, grass, drop)

Ending blends (-nd, -nt, -sk, -st, -nk, -ng)

Long vowels with silent e (gave, bike, rope, cute)

Soft c and g (face, page)

Vowel teams (ee, ea, ai, ay, oa, ow, ie, igh, ue, ui, ew)

Long vowel endings (ild, ind, old)

Final y making the long e sound

Suffix -ed and its three sounds (ed, d, t)

R-controlled vowels (ar, or, ir, ur, er)