Humans have the astounding capability of visually identifying scenes and material despite complex illumination and vastness of the scene. For instance, one can tell which material an object is made of, just by looking at it (for instance metal, plastic, rubber, wood, glass or fabric). In addition, also based only on its visual appearance, we can often evaluate key properties of the material, such as its fragility or robustness, softness or hardness, smoothness or roughness, etc. One can identify the six-degree of freedom associated with the pose of an object. Navigating ("simultaneous localization and mapping") is another extraordinary ability we all possess. It's no wonder that close to 60% of the human activity is devoted to the visual cortex.