Welcome to my homepage

Openings

• I am looking for 1 Research Fellow/Senior Research Fellow (Research Fellow is for PhD degree holder; Senior Research Fellow is for PhD degree holder with at least 4 years postdoc experience.) to conduct research in an exciting interdisciplinary topic on human-centric AI perception for autonomous driving.  Interested candidates can send CV with full publication list or project experience descriptions to my email.

• I am looking for self-motivated EngD students (same academic requirements as PhD students) under SIT-SINGA (Singapore International Graduate Award) and MOE scholarship in SITxNvidia AI center for applied research-oriented projects on robust autonomous systems, AI security in CPS and AI for sustainable smart buildings.

Research Interests              

• Cyber-physical systems 

• Robust Autonomous systems

• AI security in Cyber-physical systems

• Deep learning for sensing and computing

• Sustainable smart buildings

• IoT

Experience

• Assistant Professor, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, 2022-now.

• Senior Research Scientist, Illinois Advanced Research Center Singapore,  Singapore, 2022-now.

• Research Scientist, Illinois at Singapore,  Singapore, 2019-2021.

• Postdoctoral Researcher, Illinois at Singapore,  Singapore, 2016-2018.

• Research Assistant, City University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong SAR,  2012.

• Research Engineer, Illinois at Singapore, Singapore, 2011.

Publications (Names with * are students or research staff who worked directly with me for the publication)

• Conference

1. Yanghui Mo*, Xin Lou, Mageshwaran Muthusamy*, Wei Zhang, Indriyati Atmosukarto and Xunpei Sun,  Adversarially Trained Dynamic Ensemble: A Moving Target Defense Strategy for Robust Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Vehicles, The IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IEEE CAI), 2025.

2. Yunxiang Zhou*, Xin Lou, Ying He, Wei Zhang and Indriyati Atmosukarto, NormFusion: Real-Time Test-Time Adaptation for LiDAR Segmentation under Corruption, The IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IEEE CAI), 2025.

3. Sara Sameer, Wei Zhang, Xin Lou, et al. GiNet: Integrating Sequential and Context-Aware Learning for Battery Capacity Prediction, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC),  2025.

4. Dongfang Guo*, Yuting Wu*, Yimin Dai, Pengfei Zhou, Xin Lou, Rui Tan, Demo: Invisible Adversarial Stripes against Traffic Sign Recognition in Autonomous Driving, The 22nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), 2024. Best Demo Award!

5. Carmen Cheh*, Aaron Tay*, Zhen Wei Ng*, Binbin Chen, Xin Lou, Zaki Masood*, and David Yau , Water Supply System Dataset: Non-Invasive Sensor Data for Smart Water Pumps. Proceedings of 7th International Workshop on Data: Data Acquisition & Analysis in the Era of AI (DATA) in Buidsys, 2024. The dataset: https://zenodo.org/records/13808085.

6. Zaki Masood*, Carmen Cheh*, Zhen Wei Ng*, Binbin Chen, Xin Lou, David Yau, Optimizing Operation of Automated Wast Collection Systems in Smart Communities, The 22nd International Conference on Smart City, 2024.

7. Bernard Chng, Bennet Ng, Muhammad M. Roomi, Daisuke Mashima,  Xin Lou,  CRaaS: Cloud-based Smart Grid Cyber Range for Scalable Cybersecurity Experiments and Training, IEEE SmartGridComm,  2024.

8. Carmen Cheh*, Justin Albrethsen, Zhen Wei Ng*, Binbin Chen, Xin Lou, Zaki Masood*, David Yau, Water Pump Operation Optimization under Dynamic Market and Consumer Behaviour, The 15th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems (ACM e-Energy), 2024.

9. Dongfang Guo, Yuting Wu, Yimin Dai, Pengfei Zhou, Xin Lou, Rui Tan, Invisible Optical Adversarial Stripes on Traffic Sign against Autonomous Vehicles, The 22nd ACM International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), 2024. (Acceptance ratio: 43/263=16.3%)

10. Yuting Wu*, Pengfei Zhou, Xin Lou, Rui Tan, Zbigniew T. Kalbarczyk, Ravishankar K. Iyer, Susceptibility of Autonomous Driving Agents to Learning-Based Action-Space Attacks, The 9th Workshop on Safety and Security in Intelligent Vehicles (SSIV), co-located with 53th IEEE/IFIP DSN, 2023.

11. Yuting Wu*, Xin Lou, Pengfei Zhou, Rui Tan, Zbigniew T. Kalbarczyk, Ravishankar K. Iyer, Effects of Learning-Based Action-Space Attacks on Autonomous Driving Agents, The 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS) WIP, CPS-IoT Week 2023. 

12. Hanyu Zheng*, Zhenwei Ng*, Pengfei Zhou*, Xin Lou, David Yau, Marianne Winslett, Detecting Cyber Attacks in Smart Grids with Massive Unlabeled Sensing Data, IEEE SmartGridComm,  2022.

13. Yuqing Zhu*, Sridhar Adepu, Ying Yang*, Kushagra Dixit and Xin Lou,  Adversarial Attacks and Mitigations on Scene Segmentation of Autonomous Vehicles, accepted, the 8th Workshop On The Security Of Industrial Control Systems & Of Cyber-Physical Systems (CyberICPS), in Conjunction With ESORICS [pdf], 2022.

14. Weili Yan*, Xin Lou, David Yau, Ying Yang*, Ramadan Saifuddin*, Marianne Winslett, A Stealthier False Data Injection Attack against the Power Grid, IEEE SmartGridComm,  2021.

15. Ramadan Saifuddin*, David Yau, Xin Lou, Reliability-Security Trade-Off for Distributed Reactive Power Control in Transactive Grid, IEEE SmartGridComm,  2021.

16. Ying Yang*, Xin Lou, Binbin Chen, Marianne Winslett, and Zbigniew Kalbarczyk, Identifying Failing Point Machines from Sensor-Free Train System Logs, IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData), 2020. 

17. Xin Lou, Cuong Tran*, Rui Tan, David Yau, and Zbigniew Kalbarczyk, Assessing and Mitigating Impact of Time Delay Attack: A Case Study for Power Grid Frequency Control [pdf], The 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS), CPS-IoT Week 2019. 

18. Xin Lou, Cuong Tran*, David K.Y. Yau, Rui Tan, Hongwei Ng, Tom Zhengjia Fu, Marianne Winslett, Learning-Based Time Delay Attack Characterization for Cyber-Physical Systems, IEEE SmartGridComm 2019 - Workshop: AI in Energy Systems (Invited Paper) [pdf], 2019.

19. Linshan Jiang*, Rui Tan, Xin Lou, and Guosheng Lin, On Lightweight Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Learning for Internet-of-Things Objects, The 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI) , CPS-IoT Week 2019. 

20. Linshan Jiang*, Xin Lou, Rui Tan, and Jun Zhao, Differentially Private Collaborative Learning for the IoT Edge,  The 2nd International Workshop on Crowd Intelligence for Smart Cities: Technology and Applications (CICS), co-located with EWSN'19.

21. Chaojie Gu, Rui Tan, Xin Lou, and Dusit Niyato, One-Hop Out-of-Band Control Planes for Low-Power Multi-Hop Wireless Networks, IEEE Infocom, 2018.

22. Xin Lou, Rui Tan, David Yau and Peng Cheng, Cost of Differential Privacy in Demand Reporting for Smart Grid Economic Dispatch [pdf], IEEE Infocom, 2017.

23. Xin Lou and Chee Wei Tan, Convex Relaxation and Decomposition in Large Resistive Power Networks with Energy Storage [pdf], IEEE SmartGridComm, 2013.

24. Chee Wei Tan, Desmond W. H. Cai, and  Xin Lou, DC Optimal Power Flow: Uniqueness and Algorithms, IEEE SmartGridComm 2012 Workshop-Architectures and Modeling for the Smart Grid (Invited Paper), 2012.

25. Chris Y. T. Ma, David K. Y. Yau, Xin Lou, and Nageswara S. V. Rao,  Extended Abstract: Markov Game Analysis for Attack and Defense of Power Networks,  Int'l Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS) (Industrial Track),   2012.

• Journal

1. Prakhar Ganes*, Yao Chen, Xin Lou, Mohammad Ali Khan, Yin Yang, Deming Chen,  Marianne Winslett, Hassan Sajjad, and Preslav Nakov, Compressing Large-Scale Transformer-Based Models: A Case Study on BERT, Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 9, 1061-1080, 2021. 

2. Prakhar Ganesh*, Xin Lou, Yao Chen, David K.Y. Yau, Rui Tan, Demin Chen, Marianne Winslett, Learning-based Simultaneous Detection and Characterization of Time Delay Attack in Cyber-Physical Systems, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 12(4): 3581-3593, 2021.

3. Linshan Jiang*, Rui Tan, Xin Lou, and Guosheng Lin, On Lightweight Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Learning for Internet of Things by Independent Ran-dom Projections , ACM Transactions on Internet of Things, 2(2), 2021.

4. Xin Lou, Cuong Tran*, Rui Tan, and David Yau,  Zbigniew Kalbarczyk, Ambarish Banerjee*, Prakhar Ganesh*,  Assessing and Mitigating Impact of Time Delay Attack: Case Studies for Power Grid Controls, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications [pdf], 38(1):141-155, 2020.

5. Xin Lou, David Yau, Rui Tan, and Peng Cheng, Cost and Pricing of Differential Privacy in Demand Reporting for Smart Grids, IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, accepted [pdf], 7(3), 2037-2051, 2020.

6. Chaojie Gu, Rui Tan, and Xin Lou, One-hop Out-of-band Control Planes for Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks, ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 15(4), 2019.

7. Xin Lou and Chee Wei Tan, Optimization Decomposition of Resistive Power Networks with Energy Storage, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications [pdf], 32(7):1371-1385, 2014.

8. Xin Lou, Hongyi Yao, Chee Wei Tan and Jianping Wang, VANDER: Efficient Cooperative Watchdog Monitoring for Lossy Wireless Network Coding [pdf], IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 64(2):702-713, 2015.

9. Chee Wei Tan, Desmond W. H. Cai, and Xin Lou, Resistive Network Optimal  Power Flow: Uniqueness and Algorithms, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,30(1): 263-273, 2015.

10. Xin Lou, David K. Y. Yau, Hoang Hai Nguyen, and Binbin Chen, Profit-Optimal and Stability-Aware Load Curtailment in Smart Grids [pdf], IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,4(3):1411-1420, 2013.

11. Chris Y. T. Ma, David K. Y. Yau, Xin Lou, and Nageswara S. V. Rao, Markov Game Analysis for Attack-Defense of Power Networks under Possible Misinformation, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(2):1676-1686, 2013.

12. Chee Wei Tan, Desmond W. H. Cai, and Xin Lou, Distributed Algorithms in Resistive Network Optimal Power Flow, invited paper, IEEE Communications Society Multimedia Communications Technical Committee E-Letter, 7(8), 2012.

Funding

• Human-Centric AI Perception for Autonomous Vehicles: Bridging Trust and Safety (~S$219k), PI, Funded by Ministry of Education (MOE) Academic Research Fund (AcRF) Tier 1 Grant, Awarded.

• Holistic Moving Target Defence for Autonomous Driving Perception Stage 1a and 1b (up to S$4M), Lead PI at SIT, funded by AI Singapore, July 2023 to June 2026.

• Transforming Job-Shop Scheduling for Large-Scale and Complex Industrial Manufacturing Applications (S$959,920), Co-PI, Funded by Manufacturing, Trade and Connectivity (MTC) Individual Research Grant (IRG), April 2024 to March 2027.

• Cost-Effective CO2 Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst Discovery for Carbon Capture and Utilization with Advanced Machine Learning (S$150,000), Funded by Ministry of Education (MOE) Academic Research Fund (AcRF) Tier 1 Grant, Co-PI,  December 2023 to November 2025.

• Fostering Self-Empowerment in Kidney Disease Patients through Food Choice Mapping: A Pilot Study (S$94,400), Co-PI, Funded by SIT Ignition Grant (STEM), February 2025 to January 2027.

• Estate-IQ: an Advanced AI System for Enabling Smart HDB Estate Services (S$4.98M), Co-PI, funded by Ministry of National Development (MND) of Singapore, July 2021 to December 2024.

• Attack-Resilient AI-Empowered Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems (S$500k), Co-PI, funded by National Satellite of Excellence in Trustworthy Software Systems (NSOE-TSS) , October 2020 to June 2023. Please refer here for details.

• Anomaly Detection in Power System Control Centers and State Estimation (S$1.5M), Co-PI, funded by Energy Market Authority (EMA) of Singapore, Oct 2019 to Mar 2022.

Group

   Current members:

• • • Dr. Alexander Matyasko (Research Fellow @ SIT, 2024-now)

    • Mr. Yunxiang Zhou (Research Engineer @ SIT, 2024-now)

    • Dr. Yanghui Mo (Research Fellow @ SIT, 2024-now)

    • Dr. Carmen Cheh (Research Scientist @ IARCS, 2022-now)

    • Mr. Zhen Wei NG (Software Engineer @ IARCS, 2022-now)

    • Mr. Aaron Tay (Software Engineer @ IARCS, 2023-now)

    • SIT Undergraduate Students:  Ashsyahid (2025-now) , Hong Xiang Ng (2024-now)

   Former members:

• • • Student helper at SIT: Mageshwaran (2024)

    • Mr. Qifeng Tan (Software Engineer @ ADSC, 2022-2023, Now with CSA, Singapore)

    • Dr. Pengfei Zhou (Research Scientist @ ADSC, 2021-2022, Now with the University of Pittsburgh as the Faculty, USA)

    • Mr. Hanyu Zeng (Intern from NUS, 2022/02-2022/07, Now with the University of Pittsburgh as the PhD student, USA)

    • Dr. Ramadan Saifuddin (Postdoctoral Researcher @ ADSC, 2020-22, Now with Newcastle University in Singapore )

    • Dr. Sridhar Adepu (Postdoctoral Researcher @ ADSC, 2021, Now with the University of Bristol as the Faculty, UK)

    • Ms. Ying Yang (Research Engineer@ ADSC, 2019-2021, Senior Research Engineer @ ADSC, 2021-2021, Now with BIGO, Singapore)

    • Mr. Sixiang Wang (Intern from NUS, 2021/02-05)

    • Ms. Shwetha (Intern from SUTD, 2021/06-09)

    • Mr. Prakhar Ganesh (Research Engineer @ ADSC, Co-supervised with Dr. Yao Chen, 2019-2021, Now with NUS for postgraduate study)

    • Dr. Weili Yan  (Research Scientist @ ADSC, 2019-2020)

    • Ms. Hui Wen Koh (Intern from SUTD, 2020/05-2020/09)

    • Mr. Yifan Zeng (Research Assistant @ SUTD, Co-supervised with Prof. David Yau, 2019-2020,  former Intern from NUS, 2019/07-2019/09, Now with Shopee, Singapore)

    • Mr. Ambarish Banerjee (Intern from IIT, 2019/06-2019/08)

    • Mr. Cuong Tran (Research Assistant @ SUTD, 2016-2018, Now with VNPT, Vietnam)

Professional Activities

  Conference chair:

• Finance Chair, ACM e-Energy 2024

• Workshop Co-program Chair, IEEE SmartGridComm 2022, 2023

• Organising Co-Chair, AIoTS 2021

• Publication and Registration Chair, IEEE ICDCS 2020

• Session Chair, IEEE SmartGridComm 2019

  TPC member:

• ACM-IEEE MEMCODE, 2025

• IEEE ICC, 2024, 2025

• ACM e-Energy, 2023, 2024

• IEEE SmartGridComm, 2022, 2023, 2024

• IEEE CIT, 2015-2018

• IEEE CPSCom, 2017

• IEEE FCST, 2017

• IEEE HPCC, 2018, 2022

• IEEE SmartCNS, 2019 

• CTISC, 2020, 2022

• IMMS, 2018-2020, 2022

• IFIP Networking, 2022

  Editor:

• Guest Editor of Network Special Issue: Cyber-Physical Systems Applications and Security 

• Editorial Board of Frontiers in IoT and Sensor Networks 

• Editorial Board of Frontiers in Smart Grid Communications  

   Reviewer:

• IEEE LCN, 2022, 2023

• IEEE ICC, 2022, 2023

• IEEE Infocom, 2017-2021

• IEEE IWQoS, 2016-2018, 2021

• IEEE ISGT, 2018

• ICICS, 2019, 2020, 2022, 2023

• WiOpt, 2018

• IEEE SmartGridComm, 2013, 2019-2024

• ACM Computing Surveys 

• IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 

• IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vehicular Technology, Communication, Mobile Computing, Network Science and Engineering, Industrial Informatics, Knowledge and Data Engineering, Dependable and Secure Computing, Reliability, Multimedia.

• IEEE Internet of Things Journal

• IEEE System Journal

• IEEE Access

• Nature Scientific Reports

• Elsevier Computer and Security

• IET Smart Grid

• IET Electronic Letters

Teaching

I have been teaching at SIT for:

• ICT1003/ICT1011: Computer Organization and Architecture, 2021-2024

• ICT1010: Computer Networks, 2022

• INF1006: Computer Networks, 2023-2025

• TLM3005: Digital Signal Processing Tutorial, 2022