Only 11.5 to 28 feet wide (3.5 to 8.5 meters), 2023 BU posed no danger to the planet. If the trajectories of the two bodies had intersected, the asteroid would mostly have burned up in the atmosphere with only small fragments possibly falling to the ground as meteorites.

In the videos and images shared by Masi, the asteroid is seen as a small bright dot in the center of the frame, while the longer, brighter lines are the surrounding stars. In reality, of course, it was the asteroid that was moving with respect to Earth, traveling at a speed of 21,000 mph (33,800 km/h) with respect to Earth. As Masi's computerized telescope tracked its positionthe rock appeared stationary in the images while rendering the stars as these moving streaks.


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On September 26th 2022, LICIACube monitored Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission impact on asteroid Dimorphos, which is the smaller component of a binary asteroid system. These close observations revealed the impact ejecta features of the first planetary defence test with a kinetic impactor.

LICIACube has also acquired images of the unaltered (not impacted) side of Dimorphos in three colours (red, green and blue). The colour distributions in specific locations of the plume and on the surfaces of Didymos and Dimorphos, allow to constrain their nature and composition as well as the degree of alteration of the asteroid surface, thanks to the great opportunity offered by the excavation of unaltered material from the subsurface of the Dimorphos11. Possible differences in colour between Didymos and Dimorphos, can be also related to the origin of the system and could allow us to investigate in detail how binary asteroids form and evolve12.

The planetary defence scientific and political community will certainly deeply benefit from the first planetary defence test obtained from the DART mission. Key experiences by LICIACube that would support future missions include the ability to adequately exploit the limited on-board resources, maintaining a high-level of capabilities and performances, by complementing missions usually assigned to larger spacecrafts. While there are several CubeSat mission concepts under study (e.g., Ref. 13 and Ref. 14), an idea for future CubeSats applications in planetary defence could be a low-cost planetary exploration space missions dedicated to study asteroids that are potentially hazardous to Earth.

DART targeted the asteroid moonlet Dimorphos, a small body just 530 feet (160 meters) in diameter. It orbits a larger, 2,560-foot (780-meter) asteroid called Didymos. Neither asteroid poses a threat to Earth.

"LICIACube - the Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids" is managed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and will be part of the NASA DART mission, with the aim of i) documenting the DART impact's effects on the secondary member of the (65803) Didymos binary asteroid system, ii) characterizing the shape of the target, and iii) performing dedicated scientific investigations on it. DART probe will be launched at the end of 2021 and LICIACube will be hosted as piggyback during the interplanetary cruise, then released 10 days before the impact, and autonomously guided along its fly-by trajectory. The LICIACube payload is composed by LEIA, a narrow FoV camera, and LUKE, a wide FoV imager with an RGB Bayer pattern filter, that will collect and transmit to Earth several unique images of the effects of the DART impact on the asteroid, such as the formation and the development of the plume potentially determined by the impact. LICIACube will be the first deep space mission developed and autonomously managed by an Italian team: the design, integration and test of the CubeSat have been assigned by ASI to the aerospace company Argotec, while the LICIACube Ground Segment has a complex architecture based on the Argotec Mission Control Center, antennas of the NASA Deep Space Network and data archiving and processing, managed at the ASI Space Science Data Center. The LICIACube team includes a wide Italian scientific community, involved in the definition of all the aspects of the mission: trajectory design; mission definition (and real-time orbit determination during operations); impact, plume and imaging simulation and modelling, in preparation of a suitable framework for the analysis and interpretation of in-situ data. The major technological mission challenge, i.e. the autonomous targeting and imaging of such a small body during a fast fly-by, to be accomplished with the limited resources of a CubeSat, is affordable thanks to a strong synergy of all the mentioned teams in support of the engineering tasks.

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spaceship could launch as early as July. It will travel 11 million kilometers and slam into the smaller part of the Didymos binary asteroid system, knocking the moonlet slightly off its current path. The asteroid punch is planned for September 2022.

Abstract: This data collection contains the raw images takn by the LICIACube Explorer Imaging for Asteroid (LEIA) instrument flown aboard the cubesat LICIACube deployed by the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft. LEIA images are of the DART impact with the asteroid Dimorphos and of ejecta plume evolution after impact. These images have been put into a simple 2D FITS format ready for calibration and analysis. The DART mission was a planetary defense mission designed to test and measure the deflection caused by a kinetic impactor (the DART spacecraft) on the orbit of Dimorphos asteroid around its primary, (65803) Didymos.

The asteroid passed "very close" to Earth, wrote the Virtual Telescope Project. The project uses robotic telescopes to capture real-time images, and is operated by the Bellatrix Astronomical Observatory in Italy. The manager of the project is Dr. Gianluca Masi, an astrophysicist and astronomer who has discovered minor planets and stars in his studies. The project makes its images of the sky available for free around the world.

The robot tracked the rates of the asteroid, making it appear as a single, sharp dot while stars blur by. The asteroid traveled at two and a half times the speed of sound, according to the Virtual Telescope Project.

The asteroid, identified as MU2, appears small in the images but was estimated to be about 4.1 - 9.2 meters (13.5 - 30.1 feet) in diameter, according to NASA data. The asteroid was discovered by the International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center on June 16, and then confirmed on June 22.

While there were no risks to the planet while the asteroid flew by, it did come come as close as 134,000 miles of Earth at one point, the Virtual Telescope Project said. This is less than 60% of the average distance between the Earth and the moon, the project added.

NASA has smashed a spacecraft into an asteroid, and a small satellite watched the whole thing happen. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) crashed into the 160-metre-wide moonlet Dimorphos on 26 September. Now, the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube) has sent back images of the collision from up close.

That is where LICIACube comes in. DART carried the 14-kilogram satellite in a spring-loaded box and then ejected it on 11 September so it could fly past Dimorphos at a safe distance after the collision. This was key to both figuring out how the collision affected the asteroid itself and determining whether its orbit was changed.

Millions of asteroids roam the Solar System, thousands of which have the potential to strike Earth. Fortunately, Earth impacts from hazardous asteroids are rare, but ESA's Planetary Defence Office, part of the Agency's Space Safety programme, is working hard to keep Europe safe. Find out more in the ESA Asteroid Day 2020 programme, available in six languages.

The large asteroid or dwarf planet, Ceres, is illustrated here in this artist's conception from Jan. 21, 2014. Ceres is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and it was the first asteroid ever discovered. It was discovered by an Italian priest, Theatine Father Giuseppe Piazzi in 1801. (CNS photo/ESA/ATG medialab)

According to the Minor Planet Center's asteroid orbital database, the "8661 Ratzinger" was named after Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI, after it was discovered in Germany in 1990.

The asteroid's discoverer chose to name it after the German theologian, who was head of the Vatican Congregation of the Doctrine of Faith at the time, honoring him as "one of the most authoritative voices in the Vatican."

"According to the IAU, the assignment of a particular name to a particular asteroid -- minor planet -- comes about through a process that can, in some cases, take decades," the Vatican Observatory said.

The very first asteroid, Ceres, was discovered by an Italian priest, Theatine Father Giuseppe Piazzi, in 1801. The 1000th asteroid to be designated was named Piazzi in his honor in 1923, a lunar crater was named after him in 1935 and a large feature on Ceres, possibly a crater, imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope has been informally named Piazzi.

Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}IPA: [li.ti.kjub][1]) is a six-unit CubeSat of the Italian Space Agency (ASI). LICIACube is a part of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission and carries out observational analysis of the Didymos asteroid binary system after DART's impact on Dimorphos. It communicates directly with Earth, sending back images of the ejecta and plume of DART's impact as well as having done asteroidal study during its flyby of the Didymos system from a distance of 56.7 km (35.2 mi), 165 seconds after DART's impact.[2] LICIACube is the first purely Italian autonomous spacecraft in deep space. Data archiving and processing is managed by the Space Science Data Center (SSDC) of the ASI. be457b7860

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