Cohen PR, Shurman J. Fungal melanonychia as a solitary black linear vertical nail plate streak: case report and literature review of candida-associated longitudinal melanonychia striata. Cureus. 2021;13(4):e14248. doi:10.7759/cureus.14248

Habits such as nail biting and cuticle biting also can cause trauma to the nails. Nail biting is a main cause of acute paronychia, a type of infection in which bacteria get underneath the tissue at the side of the nail and cause swelling and irritation. Repetitive picking at your thumb's nail and cuticle with your index finger can produce a line of horizontal hatch marks in the middle of the nail. In extreme cases, the nail can split.


Black Line On Toenail Horizontal Crackl


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Longitudinal pigmented bands are normal findings in the nails of dark-skinned persons, occurring in more than 77 percent of blacks older than 20 years.9 These findings present a diagnostic problem because they must be differentiated from subungual melanomas (Figure 8), which also occur in older age groups and constitute 50 percent of melanomas in dark-skinned populations. Table 2 outlines factors that increase the likelihood of melanoma in individual patients.15,16 Nail symptoms in patients with increased likelihood should be considered melanoma until proved otherwise by biopsy. Proper technique for punch biopsy was discussed recently in this journal.17

Your toenails may split due to injury, excessive exposure to moisture, or frequent use of acetone-containing nail polish removers. They can split vertically with the grain or horizontally across the grain. Repair split toenails using the same methods for cracked nails.

If a subungual melanoma is not detected or removed it could metastasize, spread to other parts of the body. As it is a cancer it is potentially life threatening, hence if you have no idea why you have a strange black line running through your nail plate, please get it checked out. Podiatrists are best placed to detect suspicious lesions like this.

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It could be: Psoriasis. If you find tiny holes, grooves, or ridges in your toenails, you may have nail psoriasis. Though most people who experience nail psoriasis also have skin psoriasis (an autoimmune disease that makes skin patchy and irritated), 5 percent of people with nail psoriasis aren't affected elsewhere. If you've never been diagnosed with psoriasis, but your toenails have little pits in them, you should get them checked out, says Pichney. Other symptoms include white patches and horizontal lines across the nails. To treat psoriasis, your doctor may prescribe topical creams or steroids to be injected under the nail.

It could be: Skin cancer. A dark, vertical line underneath a toenail could be acral lentiginous melanoma, or hidden melanoma form of the skin cancer that appears on obscure body parts. (Other hidden melanomas include eye melanoma and mouth melanoma.) It will be a black line from the base of your nail to the end of the nail, says Pichney. It should be seen by a podiatrist or dermatologist. You want to make sure it's not fungus, which is usually yellow brown and sporadic throughout the whole nail. Although only 5 percent of all diagnosed melanoma cases are the hidden kind, hidden melanoma is the most common type in dark-sk.

These are paired white lines that occur horizontally across the nail bed and do not move with nail growth. They typically cross the entire nail bed and are homogenous in appearance. In contrast to traumatic lines, they usually appear on more than one nail and fade with compression.

Another type of horizontal line that can appear on your nails is called Muehrcke's lines. These are parallel, horizontal white lines that extend across your nails, and are often a sign of low protein levels in your blood, per the NLM.

Chronic stress can also be a result of horizontal lines on your nails. But fortunately, these lines will go away after a period of time. You just have to allow your nails to grow out, per the Cleveland Clinic.

If you have lines in your fingernails that are neither white nor complete horizontal ridges, you may have washboard nails. These are nails with thin, darkened grooves or horizontal ridges that happen when your cuticle is frequently picked at or pushed back, per the AAD.

Ever looked at a chipped, brittle, or black-lined nail and wondered why it looks that way? Well, it turns out that nail health is closely associated with how well your body is functioning in other areas.

Vertical ridges could be indicative of iron deficiency anaemia while horizontal lines could point to an underlying condition such as kidney disease, which can actually stop nail growth until the problem has been treated.

Also called a splinter hemorrhage, black lines (which can appear brown or dark red) look like splinters. They can appear multiple times. The most likely cause is a trauma to your nail, such as accidentally slamming a door on your finger.

Have you ever noticed ridges or ripples in your nails? The vertical or horizontal lines tell a lot about your kidney and bone health. Rippled or pitted nail surfaces can be a sign of psoriasis or inflammatory arthritis. Vertical lines accompanied by a change in nail colour can also indicate anaemia. While horizontal lines are more severe and could point to an underlying condition such as kidney disease. The rippling in the nails is sometimes inherited and becomes prominent with age.

Black lines that appear beneath your nail can be due to several reasons. Sometimes it is just due to some trauma or injury caused by slamming the door or hurting your fingers. The other reason could be melanoma, which is a kind of cancer. So, if the black lines are present in your nails for a long time and you do not remember getting hurt, consult your doctor immediately. 

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