This article describes how to deploy Storage Spaces on a stand-alone server. For information about how to create a clustered storage space, see Deploy a Storage Spaces cluster on Windows Server 2012 R2.
To create a storage space, you must first create one or more storage pools. A storage pool is a collection of physical disks. A storage pool enables storage aggregation, elastic capacity expansion, and delegated administration.
Windows Server 2012 R2 Storage Spaces
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From a storage pool, you can create one or more virtual disks. These virtual disks are also referred to as storage spaces. A storage space appears to the Windows operating system as a regular disk from which you can create formatted volumes. When you create a virtual disk through the File and Storage Services user interface, you can configure the resiliency type (simple, mirror, or parity), the provisioning type (thin or fixed), and the size. Through Windows PowerShell, you can set other parameters such as the number of columns, the interleave value, and which physical disks in the pool to use. For information about these other parameters, see New-VirtualDisk and the Windows Server Storage forum.
From a virtual disk, you can create one or more volumes. When you create a volume, you can configure the size, drive letter or folder, file system (NTFS file system or Resilient File System (ReFS)), allocation unit size, and an optional volume label.
If you want to learn how to deploy Storage Spaces on a failover cluster, see Deploy a Storage Spaces cluster on Windows Server 2012 R2. A failover cluster deployment has different prerequisites, such as supported disk bus types, supported resiliency types, and the required minimum number of disks.
By default, available disks are included in a pool that is named the primordial pool. If no primordial pool is listed under STORAGE POOLS, this situation indicates that the storage doesn't meet the requirements for Storage Spaces. Make sure that the disks meet the requirements that are outlined in the Prerequisites section.
On the Specify a storage pool name and subsystem page, enter a name and optional description for the storage pool, select the group of available physical disks that you want to use, and then select Next.
The following Windows PowerShell cmdlet or cmdlets perform the same function as the preceding procedure. Enter each cmdlet on a single line, even though they may appear word-wrapped across several lines here because of formatting constraints.
Next, you must create one or more virtual disks from the storage pool. When you create a virtual disk, you can select how the data is laid out across the physical disks. This selection affects both reliability and performance. You can also select whether to create thin- or fixed-provisioned disks.
If you select a layout where you do not have enough physical disks, you receive an error message when you select Next. For information about which layout to use and the disk requirements, see Prerequisites.
If you selected Mirror as the storage layout, and you've five or more disks in the pool, the Configure the resiliency settings page appears. Select one of the following options:
With thin provisioning, space is allocated on an as-needed basis. This selection optimizes the use of available storage. However, because this setting enables you to over-allocate storage, you must carefully monitor how much disk space is available.
With fixed provisioning, the storage capacity is allocated immediately, at the time, a virtual disk is created. Therefore, fixed provisioning uses space from the storage pool that is equal to the virtual disk size.
With Storage Spaces, you can create both thin- and fixed-provisioned virtual disks in the same storage pool. For example, you can use a thin-provisioned virtual disk to host a database and a fixed-provisioned virtual disk to host the associated log files.
If you use a storage layout other than simple, the virtual disk uses more free space than the size that you specify. To avoid a potential error in which the size of the volume exceeds the storage pool free space, select the Create the largest virtual disk possible, up to the specified size check box.
The following Windows PowerShell cmdlets perform the same function as the preceding procedure. Enter each cmdlet on a single line, even though they may appear word-wrapped across several lines here because of formatting constraints.
To verify that the volume was created, in Server Manager, select the Volumes page. The volume is listed under the server where it was created. You can also verify that the volume was created in Windows Explorer.
I, personally, find modern RAID controllers to be the best solution for data storage for Windows based machines and ZFS to be the best solution for large datasets on spinning rust. With virtualization, it is also pretty trivial to use both on the same system so even if you had need for something like 8xSSD + 32/64xLarge HDD it would still be more efficient and safer to run a mix of hardware RAID and ZFS.
If you live in the Windows ecosystem you use a true hardware RAID controller, period. This is especially true in the SMB world where smaller companies very rarely have someone on the IT staff with the technical skills needed to work with software RAID when something goes wrong.
The first one is the actual software RAID that combines physical drives into a single pool. While stripe (RAID0) and mirror (RAID1/10) work more or less OK in terms of performance, the parity layout (RAID5) is a joke and should have been killed at birth.
The second one is automated storage tiering, and it does its job more or less excellently -tiering-the-best-of-both-worlds . Furthermore, there are no other alternatives that are not bound to some specific product present on the market at all.
No matter how deep you learn Linux, everything you can tinker at the end of the day will be a pathetic attempt to replace Storage Spaces. There is literally nothing similar to automated storage tiering in Linux world nowadays.
I think you have this exactly backward - all you need to use Storage Spaces is Windows 10. You can do your data recovery right from there. No extra controller, no server OS, no third-party software. With hardware RAID you need the same controller on another machine.
ReFS is also, really the only reason to even bother with Storage Spaces. The fast provisioning of VHDx files on ReFS, deduplication, and replication to multiple geo-locations is the only real reason to deploy this kind of software based RAID.
For Server deployments, mirror-accelerated parity is only supported on Storage Spaces Direct, which is out of the scope of this thread anyway.
Resilient File System (ReFS) overview | Microsoft Learn
Storage Spaces helps protect your data from drive failures and extend storage over time as you add drives to your PC. You can use Storage Spaces to group two or more drives together in a storage pool and then use capacity from that pool to create virtual drives called storage spaces. These storage spaces typically store two copies of your data so if one of your drives fails, you still have an intact copy of your data. If you run low on capacity, just add more drives to the storage pool.
You need at least two extra drives (in addition to the drive where Windows is installed). These drives can be internal or external hard drives, or solid state drives. You can use a variety of types of drives with Storage Spaces, including USB, SATA, and SAS drives.
Simple spaces are designed for increased performance, but don't protect your files from drive failure. They're best for temporary data (such as video rendering files), image editor scratch files, and intermediary compiler object files. Simple spaces require at least two drives to be useful.
Mirror spaces are designed for increased performance and protect your files from drive failure by keeping multiple copies. Two-way mirror spaces make two copies of your files and can tolerate one drive failure, while three-way mirror spaces can tolerate two drive failures. Mirror spaces are good for storing a broad range of data, from a general-purpose file share to a VHD library. When a mirror space is formatted with the Resilient File System (ReFS), Windows will automatically maintain your data integrity, which makes your files even more resilient to drive failure. Two-way mirror spaces require at least two drives, and three-way mirror spaces require at least five.
Parity spaces are designed for storage efficiency and protect your files from drive failure by keeping multiple copies. Parity spaces are best for archival data and streaming media, like music and videos. This storage layout requires at least three drives to protect you from a single drive failure and at least seven drives to protect you from two drive failures.
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