Manganese is a mineral that your body needs to stay healthy. Your body uses manganese to make energy and protect your cells from damage. Your body also needs manganese for strong bones, reproduction, blood clotting, and a healthy immune system.
Bone health
You need manganese in combination with other minerals and vitamins for healthy bone formation. But more research is needed to understand the role of manganese in maintaining or improving bone health.
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Diabetes
You need manganese to help break down the starches and sugars that you eat. But its effect on the risk of diabetes is unknown. More research is needed to understand whether manganese plays a role in the development of diabetes.
Studies have not shown any harm from the manganese in food and beverages. But some people have developed manganese toxicity by consuming water containing very high levels of manganese. Another cause of manganese toxicity is inhaling large amounts of manganese dust from welding or mining work.
Tell your doctor, pharmacist, and other health care providers about any dietary supplements and prescription or over-the-counter medicines you take. They can tell you if the dietary supplements might interact with your medicines or if the medicines might interfere with how your body absorbs, uses, or breaks down nutrients, such as manganese.
Manganese is a trace mineral necessary for many bodily processes, like nervous system function and maintaining healthy immunity. Your body stores some manganese in your organs and bones, however, you need to get adequate amounts from your diet.
Our bodies need manganese for healthy bones and cartilage in addition to other vitamins and minerals. More research is needed in humans, however, studies show manganese increases bone mineral density and improves bone formation in animals.
Manganese is responsible for activating prolidase, an enzyme that makes skin cells. Studies are ongoing, but some suggest that manganese may improve wound healing in combination with other minerals like zinc and calcium.
UL: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for manganese for all adults 19+ years of age and pregnant and lactating women is 11 mg daily; a UL is the maximum daily intake unlikely to cause harmful effects on health.
Manganese plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and specifically glucose. In animal studies, a manganese deficiency can impair the action of insulin and disrupt normal blood levels of glucose. However, human studies have shown mixed results on its connection with diabetes. [2] Case-control studies have shown an association of very high and very low blood levels of manganese and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. [3,4] Other studies have found no association at all. [5] Therefore, it is still unclear if higher manganese intakes or manganese supplementation may protect against type 2 diabetes.
Manganese assists enzymes that build bone. Animal studies show that a deficiency of the mineral can reduce bone density and the formation of bone. Human studies have been few and small in size, and have shown conflicting conclusions. [2] Some observational studies found lower blood levels of manganese in women with osteoporosis versus those without osteoporosis; other studies found no difference. There have been no clinical trials studying the effects of manganese supplementation on bone health.
A deficiency of manganese is very rare, and there are no groups of people known to be at risk for developing a deficiency. Therefore, symptoms showing a deficiency have not been clearly established. The absorption of manganese may decrease if eaten with iron-rich foods, as these minerals compete for the same proteins that help with their absorption in the intestines.
There are no reports of reaching toxic levels of manganese from the diet. However, there have been isolated case reports of toxicity shown in people who drank water contaminated with unusually high levels of manganese and in industrial mining and welding workers who inhaled excess amounts of manganese in dust. [2] Because iron and manganese rely on the same proteins that help with their absorption, having low iron stores (e.g., anemia) can increase manganese absorption and heighten a toxicity if excess manganese is present.
In recent years, significant growth in manganese production in Africa paired with an increase in Chinese port stocks led to oversupply in the market, placing downward pressure on prices. During the early days of the COVID-19 lockdowns, manganese operations slowed production, leading to rebounds in the price of the metal.
How to invest in manganese: Supply and demand As mentioned, the steel sector accounts for most manganese demand, using it as a deoxidizing and desulfurizing additive and as an alloy constituent. Among other things, manganese can improve the strength, toughness and stiffness of steel. In turn, the steel sector is a key driver of the manganese price.
The electric vehicle (EV) battery industry represents the second largest consumer of manganese today, and many market watchers believe that demand from this sector could be set to increase in the future.
In these batteries, electrolytic manganese dioxide is used as a cathode material. Many investors who believe that battery sector demand for manganese will increase are optimistic that lithium-ion batteries that require manganese will become more common in the future.
Investors looking to jump into the manganese market may find it challenging to gain exposure to the metal. While a number of large companies are involved in manganese production, it is difficult to find major manganese producers that are not listed privately.
This high manganese grade is an excellent work hardening, abrasion-resistant steel. This steel is a non-magnetic austenitic type, supplied in full plates or as profiled pieces by plasma cutting. Suitable for wear applications where high impact/gouging abrasion leads to a work hardening effect.
High manganese steel plate becomes increasingly hard when the surfaces of components are subject to repeated impact or abrasion. Its toughness, derived from high tensile strength and ductility, enables shock leads to be absorbed safely. Lack of lubrication or the intrusion of grit or sand particles does not seriously impair the wearing surfaces of components in contact. These characteristics combine to make high manganese steel plate an ideal steel for use as wearing plates in those situations where abrasion, impact, or lubrication difficulties are encountered. The steel has the unique property in service of rapidly developing a work-hardened surface while retaining its tough interior.
Children and adults who drink water with high levels of manganese for a long time may have problems with memory, attention, and motor skills. Infants (babies under one year old) may develop learning and behavior problems if they drink water with too much manganese in it.
Drinking water with a level of manganese above the MDH guidance level can be harmful for your health, but taking a bath or a shower in it is not. Manganese in your water can stain your laundry, cause scaling on your plumbing, and make your water look, smell, or taste bad. Manganese can also create a brownish-black or black stain on your toilet, shower, bathtub, or sink.
The only way to know the level of manganese in your drinking water is to contact your public water system or have your tap water tested. All water testing should be done through an accredited laboratory. Contact a Minnesota Department of Health accredited laboratory to get a sample container and instructions on how to submit a sample. You can also contact your county to see if they have any programs to make testing your water easier.
If you have a household water treatment unit, the unit may reduce the level of manganese in your drinking water. An MDH study in Dakota County found that water softeners can be an effective way to reduce the level of manganese in drinking water. You can learn more about water treatment options at Home Water Treatment. Contact MDH (651-201-4700 or health.drinkingwater@state.mn.us) with questions.
Some Minnesota groundwater naturally has levels of manganese higher than the MDH guidance values. You may want to test your drinking water for manganese, especially if infants drink your tap water. You are responsible for keeping your well water safe and testing it as needed.
Public water systems may test their water for manganese, but they are not required to. You can contact your public water system to find out if they test the water for manganese. If your public water system does not test for manganese, you can arrange and pay for an accredited laboratory to test your water. Remember that certain types of home water treatment units may make the level of manganese lower in your tap water than what your water system detected.
Manganese occurs naturally in rocks and soil and can be found in water, food, and air. Your body needs some manganese to stay healthy. The recommended daily intake for manganese depends on a person's age and sex. The recommended manganese intake for children over eight years old and adults varies from 1,900 to 2,600 µg per day. Infants should consume 600 µg or less of manganese per day.
The level at which manganese benefits one person could overlap with the level at which it is harmful to another person. Adults and children get enough manganese through their diet. Infants get enough manganese from breast-milk, food, or formula. Food often has a higher manganese level than water; however, there are many types of food that can actually block manganese from getting into the body. Water does not have the same characteristics as food, so your body can more easily absorb manganese in water.
Although public water systems are not required to test for manganese, some Minnesota community public water systems test for manganese either before or after treating water. Based on test results and treatment practices, MDH estimates about 90 percent of Minnesotans using community public drinking water systems receive water with levels of manganese below 100 µg/L. About 3 percent of Minnesotans on community public water systems receive water with levels above 300 µg/L. It is important to remember certain types of household water treatment units may reduce manganese to safe levels.
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