The flight time and duty limits for pilots are regulated to ensure safety and reduce fatigue. These limits vary by country and regulatory authority, but here are general guidelines based on common aviation standards:

FAA (U.S. Regulations)

Under the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) rules for Part 121 operations:

• Daily Flight Time Limits: Pilots are typically limited to 8–9 hours of flight time per day, depending on the time of day they begin their duty period.

• Weekly Flight Time: Pilots cannot exceed 30 flight hours in any 7 consecutive days.

• Monthly Flight Time: Pilots cannot exceed 100 flight hours in any 28-day period.

• Yearly Flight Time: Pilots are capped at 1,000 flight hours in a calendar year.

• Duty Period: The total duty time (including ground time, pre-flight checks, etc.) is limited to 14 hours per day.

EASA (European Regulations)

Under the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA):

• Daily Flight Time: Up to 13 hours, but this can reduce based on factors like late-night operations or multiple sectors.

• Monthly Flight Time: A maximum of 100 hours of flight time in any 28 consecutive days.

• Annual Flight Time: Pilots cannot exceed 900 flight hours in a calendar year.

• Rest Periods: Pilots must have a minimum rest period equal to the duration of their previous duty period or at least 10 hours, whichever is longer.

ICAO (International Standards)

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) provides baseline guidelines, but individual countries adapt these based on their specific aviation needs.

These regulations are strictly enforced and designed to ensure that pilots have adequate rest to perform their duties safely. Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) may allow for some flexibility under certain conditions.