NOTE: Class G - Airspace

0-700 inside shaded area(s)

0-1200 outside shaded area(s)

Alaska may have a Class G that is up to 12,500

Traffic Pattern, Approach

Emergency Landing

Remember ABCDE

• A- Establish best Airspeed for best glide

• B- Determine Best landing field for emergency landing

• C- Checklist(s) Follow checklist for restarting during engine failure

• D- Declare Emergency , 121.5, "Mayday 123AF 10 miles e/w/n/s of landmark x, engine failure emergency landing", Squak 7700

• E- Proceed with Emergency Landing

Common Radio Calls

Ground

Morristown Ground, Cessna 712SP, @west tie down, ready for taxi

Taxi via Bravo, Alpha Hold short rwy 31 A

Bravo ALpha hold short rwy 31 712SP

Morristown Ground, Cessna 712SP runup complete

712SP contact Tower

Tower

Morristown Tower, 712SP, Holding short rwy 23 for departure to S

712SP line up and wait

712SP cleared for takeoff rwy 23

Dutches Tower, 712 SP, @ 11 miles SW inbound Touch & Go, with Echo.

Altimeter """, Rwy 24''report midfield downwind

Flight Following

From Ground Control

• Request to be handed over to NY Approach to Destination

• Example: "712 sierra Papa, would like to request to be handed over for flight following to Poughkeepsie- any chance we can call them directly from ground"

• 
  

From Tower

• Request frequency from tower nearby then read below

• "NY Approach Skyhawk with request"

• Skyhawk November712 Sierra Papa, with you @ 2500 ft

  • "advise when you have 'echo'"

• Cessna 172, 6miles south of poughpsie would like to get ff back to morristown.

Example "712 sierra Papa, ..."

-Will give you frequency to tune to directly

Once on NY Flight following, can't drop out (they may talk to you and you are not listening)

NAV/COMM/VOR

NATO ALPHA PHONETIC ALPHABET

Flaps, Aileron, Elevator Rudder

VOR- VHF Omnidirectional Range

Menuevers

Power-OFF Stall,

• Must be >1500 ft. AGL, Mixture Rich

• CARB heat (fully out) to ON position. (not on fuel injected planes)

1. Power to 1500RPM

2. 110 KTS - Flaps 0-10 deg.

3. 85 KTS Flaps 10-20 deg, Flaps 20-30 deg.

4. 60KTS pitch down, power idle

5. Pitch up to stall

   • Maintain coordination with rudder pedals.

Power-On Stall

• Must bee >1500 AGL, Mixture Rich, Flaps Retracted

1. Slow airplaine to lift-off speed (55) (no flaps)

2. Apply back pressure to establish take-off configuration

3. Pitch nose up, then apply takeoff power.

4. Apply max back pressure on Yoke - Stay coordinated with rudder pedals.

S-Turns

• Fly an altitude between 600-1000 AGL

• Clear area for other aircraft

• Trim airplane for level hands-off flight

• Enter on downwind. Winds must be N/S if hwy is E/W.

Sideslip (Practice at altitude)

• Configure Airplane (Pre-Landing Checklist), mixture rich, landing/taxi on...

• Altitude 1000ft AGL or higher

• Parallel to a road with a crosswind

• Establish bank into wind, apply opposite rudder

Forward Slip

• Configure Airplane (Pre-Landing Checklist), mixture rich, landing/taxi on...

• Altitude 1000ft AGL or higher

• Parallel to a road with a crosswind

• Reduce power to idle to establish attitude for 65 KIAS

• Apply Rudder, Adjust Bank needed to stay on course

Short Field Landing

• Final Approach speed - 62 KTS

• After Touchdown Flaps up, Max Braking

• Control wheel full aft

Soft Field Landing

• Keep weight of nosewheel after normal landing

• During flare- maintain nose high altitude

• Elevator keep weight off nosewheel

Short Field Takeoff

• Flaps 10, Brakes APPLY

• Full stop use as much runway as possible

• Full power, airspeed alive, climb 57 KIAS, Until obstacle clear

• Control wheel full aft, Wing Flaps Retract slowly after reaching 60 KIAS

Soft Field Takeoff

• Flaps 10

• Don't stop, once cleared for takeoff

• Elevator keep weight off nosewheel

• As nose lifts back, ease back pressure on yoke

• Lift off at lowest possible airspeed, remain in ground effect

• Keep 10 feet above runway to build speed, accelerate to Vx

• Retract flaps at Vx

• Climb at Vy after

Instrument Panel

Flight Instruments

VFR Sectional Legend

• Indicated Airspeed is what the Airspeed Indicator reads. Indicated airspeed is the airspeed read directly from the airspeed indicator on an aircraft, driven by the pitot-static system. It uses the difference between total pressure and static pressure, provided by the system, to either mechanically or electronically measure

• Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) is Indicated Airspeed corrected for Instrument and position error. When flying at sea level under Standard Atmosphere conditions (15 °C, 1013 hPa, 0% humidity) calibrated airspeed is the same as equivalent airspeed (EAS) and true airspeed (TAS).

• True Airspeed (TAS) is the aircraft speed relative to the airmass in which it's flying. *(corrected for winds)

14CFR91.159 Note : "Odd [or Even] thousand feet plus 500". 5000 is an odd thousand even though it is an even number.

§ 91.159 - VFR cruising altitude or flight level.

Except while holding in a holding pattern of 2 minutes or less, or while turning, each person operating an aircraft under VFR in level cruising flight more than 3,000 feet above the surface shall maintain the appropriate altitude or flight level prescribed below, unless otherwise authorized by >ATC:

(a) When operating below 18,000 feet MSL and—

EAST:: (1) On a magnetic course of zero degrees through 179 degrees, any odd thousand foot MSL altitude 500 feet (such as 3,500, 5,500, or 7,500); or

WEST:: (2) On a magnetic course of 180 degrees through 359 degrees, any even thousand foot MSL altitude 500 feet (such as 4,500, 6,500, or 8,500).

Pilot Acronyms

A Tomato Flames

Required VFR Day Instruments Acronym: A TOMATO FLAMES

• A - Altimeter,

• T - Tachometer

• O - Oil Temperature Gauge

• M - Manifold Pressure Gauge

• A - Airspeed Indicator

• T - Temperature Gauge**

• O - Oil Pressure Gauge

• F - Fuel Gauge

• L - Landing Gear Extension Lights***

• A - Anti-collision Lights****

• M - Magnetic Compass

• E - ELT

• S – Seatbelts

EXPLANATION… A TOMATO FLAMES is one of the most popular acronyms you will run into as a student pilot. It begins first off with our altimeter followed by our tachometer and then the oil temperature gauge *The first snag you may run into is the manifold pressure gauge. The reason there is an asterisk next to this is because it’s only applicable if your airplane has a constant speed propeller (which most 150’s 140’s and 172’s do not) if your airplane does not have a manifold pressure gauge, it’s not required in your aircraft to be working. As we continue in the acronym we need and airspeed indicator. **The temperature gauge is for each liquid cooled engine, so if you have two engines, you need two temperature gauges. We continue on with our oil pressure gauge. The interesting about fuel gauges is that they only need to read correctly at full and at empty everything in between apparently doesn’t matter. So if your fuel gauges are not reading correctly when the tanks are perfectly full or dead empty then they are not deemed airworthy. ***If you have a fixed gear airplane, you will not need landing gear extension lights. **** Only if your aircraft was manufactured after March of 1996. You also need a magnetic compass, ELT transmitter and seatbelts.

PAVE

Risk Management Consideration

• P - Pilot

• A - Airplane

• V - enVironment

• E - External factors/pressures

FLAPS

Required VFR Night Instruments Acronym: FLAPS

• F - Fuses

• L - Landing Lights

• A - Anti-collision Lights

• P - Position Lights

• S - Source of Power

Can also be APES – night plus day VFR Anti-collision lights Position lights Energy source Spare fuses

NOTE: This is in an addition to the day VFR. So in order to be current for night VFR instrumentation, you need each and everything working from A TOMATO FLAMES in addition to FLAPS. A TOMATO FLAMES + FLAPS

AV1ATE

Required Inspection(s)

• A- Annualy Airworthiness Directive

• V- VOR (every 30 days). +/- 4 deg. ground. +- 6 deg Airborn check at any single point.

• 1- 100 Hours (hire) Tach time (engine time)

• A- Altimeter/Pitot/Stat (24 Calendar months)

• T- Transponder 24 Calender months

• E- ELT (Expire, Life, Total use).

ARROWE

Required Documentation

• A- Airworthiness certificate - always in plane

• R- Registration (Aircraft registration)

• R- Radio station license (If International

• O- Operating Manuel (POH)

• W- Weight Bal Data - see maint log

• E- Equipment list - R - Required from FAA, S - Standard equipment items, O - Optional, A- Additional i.e. gps

RSOA,

PARE (Spin Recovery)

Spin Recovery

• P- Power idle

• A- Ailerons neutral

• R- Rudder opposite

• E- Elevator through neutral

ABCDE

Remember ABCDE

• A- Establish best Airspeed for best glide

• B- Determine Best landing field for emergency landing

• C- Checklist(s) Follow checklist for restarting during engine failure

• D- Declare Emergency , 121.5, "Mayday 123AF 10 miles e/w/n/s of landmark x, engine failure emergency landing", Squak 7700

• E- Proceed with Emergency Landing

PFACTION

PFACTION (Scenario's requiring NTSB Report immediately)

• P-Property Damage >25k

• F-Fire in flight

• A- Accident

• C- Collision in flight

• T- Turbine failure (doesn't apply to us)

• I- incapacitation of flight crew member

• O- Overdue aircraft

• N- No control or control surface failure

IMSAFE

Safety checklist prior to flight

• I-Illness

• M- Medication

• S- Stress

• A- Alcohol 8 hours bottle-throttle, .04% max

• F-Fatigue

• E-Eating or Emotions

POH, Pilot Operating Handbook

AIM - Aeronautical Information Manual

End.