There are many important components (CAP, Load balancers, DNS, Availability, Consistent Hashing, TCP/IP etc.) in any system design interview, some also dive deeper into the database storage engine, need to explain the algorithms and data structures that the storage engine uses on disk, and how it affects the whole system performance-wise.
Self-crack-healing by oxidation of a pre-incorporated healing agent is an essential property of high-temperature structural ceramics for components with stringent safety requirements, such as turbine blades in aircraft engines. Here, we report a new approach for a self-healing design containing a 3D network of a healing activator, based on insight gained by clarifying the healing mechanism. We demonstrate that addition of a small amount of an activator, typically doped MnO localised on the fracture path, selected by appropriate thermodynamic calculation significantly accelerates healing by >6,000 times and significantly lowers the required reaction temperature. The activator on the fracture path exhibits rapid fracture-gap filling by generation of mobile supercooled melts, thus enabling efficient oxygen delivery to the healing agent. Furthermore, the activator promotes crystallisation of the melts and forms a mechanically strong healing oxide. We also clarified that the healing mechanism could be divided to the initial oxidation and additional two stages. Based on bone healing, we here named these stages as inflammation, repair, and remodelling stages, respectively. Our design strategy can be applied to develop new lightweight, self-healing ceramics suitable for use in high- or low-pressure turbine blades in aircraft engines.
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Our new design approach will be key for application of the ceramic matrix composite to rotary blades with stringent safety requirements, which could possibly be damaged by the unpredictable impact of foreign objects, and will meet the requirements in aircraft engines43. However, flight conditions and the rate of crack propagation are also critical factors. Naturally, the use of these ceramics would require further improvements to ensure sufficient time for healing, perhaps by incorporating biomimetic reinforcing structures, such as fibres1,3,7,8 and shells4,5,6, and by slowing the rate of crack propagation.
A bio-inspired design that incorporates a 3D network of healing activator markedly enhances self-healing and reduces the required healing temperature, resulting in materials that retain structural integrity, despite damage that would be catastrophic in brittle materials. The flexible selection method based on thermodynamics also identifies the optimal healing activator for the required operating temperature, regardless of matrix and healing agent. We are currently evaluating the high-temperature mechanical properties of the materials described here and investigating ways to incorporate a reinforcing hierarchical structure similar to that in human bone.
T. Osada designed the research and wrote the manuscript; K.K. and Y.T. processed samples, performed mechanical testing, and calculated phase diagrams; M.M. and T.H. investigated microstructures; and T.A. calculated the phase diagram. T. Osada wrote the paper with support from N.W. and T. Ohmura. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Try to decouple as much as possible the UI programming with the underlying program. This is also a great design principle, and will make the cracker's job harder from the GUI (e.g. enter your serial window) to track the code where you actually perform the check
I want to put some type of crack machine(s) in the garage for the Winter and would love suggestions on which types of designs have worked for you, and where to find them online or otherwise. I think a horizontal design would work a little better for the space, but am open to a vertical setup as well.
Nanogap electrodes consist of pairs of electrically conducting tips that exhibit nanoscale gaps. They are building blocks for a variety of applications in quantum electronics, nanophotonics, plasmonics, nanopore sequencing, molecular electronics, and molecular sensing. Crack-junctions (CJs) constitute a new class of nanogap electrodes that are formed by controlled fracture of suspended bridge structures fabricated in an electrically conducting thin film under residual tensile stress. Key advantages of the CJ methodology over alternative technologies are that CJs can be fabricated with wafer-scale processes, and that the width of each individual nanogap can be precisely controlled in a range from 100 nm. While the realization of CJs has been demonstrated in initial experiments, the impact of the different design parameters on the resulting CJs has not yet been studied. Here we investigate the influence of design parameters such as the dimensions and shape of the notches, the length of the electrode-bridge and the design of the anchors, on the formation and propagation of cracks and on the resulting features of the CJs. We verify that the design criteria yields accurate prediction of crack formation in electrode-bridges featuring a beam width of 280 nm and beam lengths ranging from 1 to 1.8 m. We further present design as well as experimental guidelines for the fabrication of CJs and propose an approach to initiate crack formation after release etching of the suspended electrode-bridge, thereby enabling the realization of CJs with pristine electrode surfaces.
Silicon-based anode is one of the promising candidates for the next generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs) to achieve high power/energy density. However, the major drawback limiting the practical application of Si anode is that Si experiences significant volume change during its lithiation/de-lithiation cycles, which induces high stress and causes degradation and pulverization of the anode. This study focuses on the crack initiation performances of Si anode during the de-lithiation process. A multi-physics based finite element (FE) model is built to simulate the electrochemical process and crack generation during de-lithiation. On top of that, a Gaussian Processes (GP) based surrogate model is developed to assist the exploration of the crack initiation performances within the anode design space. It is found that, the thickness of the Si coating layer TSi, the yield strength Fc of Si material, the cohesive strength between Si and substrate Fs, and the curvature of the substrateĀ have large impacts on the cracking behavior of Si. This coupled FE simulation-GP surrogate model framework is also applicable to other types of LIB electrodes.
N2 - Silicon-based anode is one of the promising candidates for the next generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs) to achieve high power/energy density. However, the major drawback limiting the practical application of Si anode is that Si experiences significant volume change during its lithiation/de-lithiation cycles, which induces high stress and causes degradation and pulverization of the anode. This study focuses on the crack initiation performances of Si anode during the de-lithiation process. A multi-physics based finite element (FE) model is built to simulate the electrochemical process and crack generation during de-lithiation. On top of that, a Gaussian Processes (GP) based surrogate model is developed to assist the exploration of the crack initiation performances within the anode design space. It is found that, the thickness of the Si coating layer TSi, the yield strength Fc of Si material, the cohesive strength between Si and substrate Fs, and the curvature of the substrateĀ have large impacts on the cracking behavior of Si. This coupled FE simulation-GP surrogate model framework is also applicable to other types of LIB electrodes.
AB - Silicon-based anode is one of the promising candidates for the next generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs) to achieve high power/energy density. However, the major drawback limiting the practical application of Si anode is that Si experiences significant volume change during its lithiation/de-lithiation cycles, which induces high stress and causes degradation and pulverization of the anode. This study focuses on the crack initiation performances of Si anode during the de-lithiation process. A multi-physics based finite element (FE) model is built to simulate the electrochemical process and crack generation during de-lithiation. On top of that, a Gaussian Processes (GP) based surrogate model is developed to assist the exploration of the crack initiation performances within the anode design space. It is found that, the thickness of the Si coating layer TSi, the yield strength Fc of Si material, the cohesive strength between Si and substrate Fs, and the curvature of the substrateĀ have large impacts on the cracking behavior of Si. This coupled FE simulation-GP surrogate model framework is also applicable to other types of LIB electrodes.
The reason to kill tank-mages and ICS is that a single, dominant strategy actually takes away choice from a game because all other options are provably sub-optimal. The sweet spot for game design is when a specific decision is right in some circumstances but not in others, with a wide grey area between the two extremes. Games lose their dynamic quality once a strategy emerges that dominates under all conditions.
If possible, designers should provide the ability to turn an exploit on or off, giving the players control over their worst instincts. For example, most games with save/load functionality can be abused by players to improve their odds; an RPG in which smashing a box produces random loot can be reloaded as many times as necessary until the best possible weapon or armor appears.
JA: The space was laid out with a central core. The back-of-house is wrapped with the service counter and open kitchen, which has the public circulation and seating around it. This allows us to expand and design future locations around that central core with the public area in the front and to the side being the flex, depending on the size and scale of each space. As a prototype, we selected finishes and materials that were easily attainable in large quantities throughout the country.Ā be457b7860
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