In cybersecurity, an attack vector is a method of achieving unauthorized network access to launch a cyber attack. Attack vectors allow cybercriminals to exploit system vulnerabilities to gain access to sensitive data, personally identifiable information (PII), and other valuable information accessible after a data breach.

With the average cost of a data breach at $4.35 million, it's important to plan ahead to minimize potential attack vectors and prevent data breaches. Digital forensics and IP attribution are helpful for cleaning up data breaches, but it's much more important to know how you can prevent them.

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The most common attack vectors include malware, viruses, email attachments, web pages, pop-ups, instant messages, text messages, and social engineering. However, the number of cyber threats continues to grow as cybercriminals look to exploit unpatched or zero-day vulnerabilities listed on CVE and the dark web, as there is no single solution for preventing every attack vector.

DDoS attacks are cyber attacks against networked resources like data centers, servers, websites, or web applications and can limit the availability of a computer system. The attacker floods the network resource with messages which cause it to slow down or even crash, making it inaccessible to users. Potential mitigations include CDNs and proxies.

XSS attacks involve injecting malicious code into a website but the website itself is not being attacked, rather it aims to impact the website's visitors. A common way attackers can deploy cross-site scripting attacks is by injecting malicious code into a comment e.g. embedding a link to malicious JavaScript in a blog post's comment section.

Cybercriminals can make money from attacking your organization's software systems, such as stealing credit card numbers or online banking credentials. However, there are other more sophisticated ways to monetize their actions that aren't as obvious as stealing money.

Attackers may infect your system with malware that grants remote access to a command and control server. Once they have infected hundreds or even thousands of computers they can establish a botnet, which can be used to send phishing emails, launch other cyber attacks, steal sensitive data, or mine cryptocurrency.

Competitors may employ attackers to perform corporate espionage or overload your data centers with a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack to cause downtime, harm sales, and cause customers to leave your business.

Passive attack vector exploits are attempts to gain access or make use of information from the system without affecting system resources, such as typosquatting, phishing, and other social engineering-based attacks.

Active cyber attack vector exploits are attempts to alter a system or affect its operation such as malware, exploiting unpatched vulnerabilities, email spoofing, man-in-the-middle attacks, domain hijacking, and ransomware.

Before considering a new vendor perform a cybersecurity risk assessment to understand what attack vectors you could be introducing to your organization by using them and ask about their SOC 2 compliance.

To address common attack vectors, security controls must spread across the majority of the attack surface. The process begins by identifying all possible entry points into your private network - a delineation that will differ across all businesses.

UpGuard monitors both internal and external third-party attack surfaces for common attack vectors and potential data leaks. By helping security teams rapidly identify and shut down vulnerabilities before they're discovered by cybercriminals, UpGuard offers unprecedented protection against data breaches and supply chain attacks.

An attack vector is a path or means by which an attacker or hacker can gain access to a computer or network server in order to deliver a payload or malicious outcome. Attack vectors enable hackers to exploit system vulnerabilities, including the human element.

Common cyber attack vectors include viruses and malware, email attachments, webpages, pop-up windows, instant messages (IMs), chatrooms and deception. Except for deception, all of these methods involve programming or, in a few cases, hardware. Deception is when a human operator is fooled into removing or weakening system defenses.

To some extent, firewalls and antivirus software can block attack vectors. But no protection method is totally attack-proof. A defense method can quickly become obsolete, as hackers are constantly updating attack vectors and seeking new ones in their quest to gain unauthorized access to computers and servers.

The most common malicious payloads are viruses, which can function as their own attack vectors, Trojan horses, worms and spyware. Third-party vendors and service providers can also be considered attack vectors, as they are a risk to an organization if they have access to its sensitive data.

Hackers have in-depth knowledge of the common security attack vectors that are available to them. When determining how to hack one of these security vectors, they first seek out vulnerabilities, or security holes, in these vectors that they think they can penetrate.

These two terms are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same thing. An attack vector differs from an attack surface, as the vector is the means by which an intruder gains access and the attack surface is what is being attacked.

One of the most publicized hacks was the SolarWinds supply chain attack. An investigation was undertaken to determine the attack vectors, but the breach may have been the result of compromised credentials or possible access through the development environment for SolarWinds' Orion IT management software.

Attackers use a variety of techniques to penetrate corporate IT assets. As these techniques continue to evolve, IT's job is to identify and implement the policies, tools and techniques that are most effective in protecting against these attacks. The following is a list of effective protection techniques:

The BlueBorne attack vector can potentially affect all devices with Bluetooth capabilities, estimated at over 8.2 billion devices today. Bluetooth is the leading and most widespread protocol for short-range communications, and is used by devices of all kinds, from regular computers and mobile devices to IoT devices such as TVs, watches, cars, and even medical appliances. The latest published reports show more than 2 billion Android, 2 billion Windows, and 1 billion Apple devices in use. Gartner reports that there are 8 billions connected or IoT devices in the world today, many of which have Bluetooth.

BlueBorne concerns us because of the medium by which it operates. Unlike the majority of attacks today, which rely on the internet, a BlueBorne attack spreads through the air. This works similarly to the two less extensive vulnerabilities discovered recently in a Broadcom Wi-Fi chip by Project Zero and Exodus. The vulnerabilities found in Wi-Fi chips affect only the peripherals of the device, and require another step to take control of the device. With BlueBorne, attackers can gain full control right from the start. Moreover, Bluetooth offers a wider attacker surface than WiFi, almost entirely unexplored by the research community and hence contains far more vulnerabilities.

The BlueBorne attack vector requires no user interaction, is compatible to all software versions, and does not require any preconditions or configurations aside of the Bluetooth being active. Unlike the common misconception, Bluetooth enabled devices are constantly searching for incoming connections from any devices, and not only those they have been paired with. This means a Bluetooth connection can be established without pairing the devices at all. This makes BlueBorne one of the most broad potential attacks found in recent years, and allows an attacker to strike completely undetected.

Android

All Android phones, tablets, and wearables (except those using only Bluetooth Low Energy) of all versions are affected by four vulnerabilities found in the Android operating system, two of which allow remote code execution (CVE-2017-0781 and CVE-2017-0782), one results in information leak (CVE-2017-0785) and the last allows an attacker to perform a Man-in-The-Middle attack (CVE-2017-0783).

Once the attacker determined his target is using the Android operating system, he can use four of the vulnerabilities disclosed by Armis to exploit the device, or they can use a separate vulnerability to conduct a Man-in-The-Middle attack.

Information Leak Vulnerability (CVE-2017-0785)

The first vulnerability in the Android operating system reveals valuable information which helps the attacker leverage one of the remote code execution vulnerabilities described below. The vulnerability was found in the SDP (Service Discovery Protocol) server, which enables the device to identify other Bluetooth services around it. The flaw allows the attacker to send a set of crafted requests to the server, causing it to disclose memory bits in response. These pieces of information can later be used by the attacker to overcome advanced security measures and take control over the device. This vulnerability can also allow an attacker to leak encryption keys from the targeted device and eavesdrop on Bluetooth communications, in an attack that very much resembles heartbleed.

Remote Code Execution Vulnerability #1 (CVE-2017-0781)

This vulnerability resides in the Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol (BNEP) service, which enables internet sharing over a Bluetooth connection (tethering). Due to a flaw in the BNEP service, a hacker can trigger a surgical memory corruption, which is easy to exploit and enables him to run code on the device, effectively granting him complete control. Due to lack of proper authorization validations, triggering this vulnerability does not require any user interaction, authentication or pairing, so the targeted user is completely unaware of an ongoing attack. be457b7860

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