I don't believe there's a decompiler available for any version of LabVIEW. However, in older versions of LabVIEW (prior to 8, if I'm not mistaken) a compiled LabVIEW application was pretty much a ZIP file with all the VIs inside. Try renaming a copy of the application, replacing the .EXE extension with .ZIP, then see if you can look inside it. You might be able to get a list of all the VIs, and with some luck they will have been named in a way that gives you some clues. If you get this far, and you can identify and install the correct version of LabVIEW (probably including patch release), you might then be able to drop those VIs into the block diagram of a new VI. You won't be able to see the front panel or block diagram but you'll at least be able to identify the terminals of the subVIs and see the output with different inputs.
I see many reverse engineering lessons and every second person does reverse engineer using Ghidra decompiler and not disassembler as both are available in the same platform. I assume that reversing using decompiler is easy than disassembler(understanding the assembly of the code). Do I'm thinking right?let's say I'm using Ghidra then when should I see disassembler and when decompiler?Plus If we have now a free decompiler available in Ghidra then the need for a disassembler is gone and there is no need of understanding the assembly when we have a decompiler?
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Although these terms are being used interchangeably, there is an intrinsic difference between disassembler and decompiler definitions traditionally. Let's first consider common steps involved in converting low level code to high level human readable code. This is similar to compilation where you convert high level code to low level machine code or an executable.
In my personal opinion, decompiler involves advance analysis and most importantly type and advance structure recovery for high level and user-readable representation. I'd personally use disassembler for analyses like symbolic analysis, code similarity or maybe something like fuzzing where actual high level representation may not be needed. And I'd prefer decompiler, when I'd like to interpret the underlying code or general working of the program. As program is better conceivable that way.
It depends on the reverse engineering, most use decompilers to speed up your work, this helps a lot to locate necessary calls, let's say you are at your job and need to quickly find an X algorithm to deliver your work, so if you were to use only one disassembler you would take much more work time analyzing and converting the small assembly instructions and equivalent high level code, decompilers are wonderful they simplify your life, but don't get stuck in that because it's not enough, let's say that in my example I find the algorithm sought with decompilers to obtain the operation closest to the desired one uses the disassembler and compares its analyzed pseudocode with the decompilers, all this to bring the maximum to the original, also depends on the work to be carried out, good studies.
With that definition, if the program being reverse engineered was written in C, we need a C decompiler to effectively reverse engineer it; similarly, if it was written in Java, we need a Java decompiler. If we use a disassembler on the first case, we can understand the logic and deduce the workings of the code, but we have nothing close to the original source code. If we use a bytecodes explorer for Java, we can follow the execution in the JVM, and understand what the code is doing; but very far from the source code again.
Of course there are other definitions for reverse engineering; if you want to get the APIs called on a mobile app, for example, you don't need the source code; you use a network analyzer and follow the HTTP protocol requests / responses. Then you can implement calls to the service in whatever language you want. Just clarifying that all the purpose of a decompiler is to get the source code back, and that starts from assuming the language the code was written on.
A common tool used by security professionals for reverse-engineering binaries found in the wild is the decompiler. A decompiler attempts to reverse compilation, transforming a binary to a higher-level language such as C. High-level languages ease reasoning about programs by providing useful abstractions such as loops, typed variables, and comments, but these abstractions are lost during compilation. Decompilers are able to deterministically reconstruct structural properties of code, but comments, variable names, and custom variable types are technically impossible to recover.
In this paper we present DIRTY (DecompIled variable ReTYper), a novel technique for improving the quality of decompiler output that automatically generates meaningful variable names and types. DIRTY is built on a Transformer-based neural network model and is trained on code automatically scraped from repositories on GitHub. DIRTY uses this model to postprocesses decompiled files, recommending variable types and names given their context. Empirical evaluation on a novel dataset of C code mined from GitHub shows that DIRTY outperforms prior work approaches by a sizable margin, recovering the original names written by developers 66.4% of the time and the original types 75.8% of the time.
Currently the decompiler supports compiler generated code for the x86, x64, ARM32, ARM64, and PowerPC processors. We plan to port it to other platforms in the future. The programmatic API allows our customers to improve the decompiler output. Vulnerability search, software validation, coverage analysis are the directions that immediately come to mind.
As I continue to explore NSA's new reversing tool, Ghidra, one of the features that I heard about and was excited to see in action was the decompiler. So, in this entry in the series, I'll start to delve into that some. In particular, I'll look at one particular option that turned out to be more useful than I originally thought, though I'm still not entirely certain how I'll use it going forward. I've long been a user of the Hex-Rays decompiler at $dayjob and I really like it, but I can't afford it for use in my personal/Storm Center research and we don't use it in FOR610, so I was really looking forward to giving the Ghidra one a try. I have to say, so far, I'm pretty impressed. As I explain to my FOR610 students, decompiling is a hard problem. A lot of context is lost during optimization, so except for very simple programs you shouldn't expect the decompiler to give you C code that looks like the original source. Having said that, for someone like me who has been programming on-and-off for a very long time, I can usually grasp the purpose of a function much more quickly in a (pseudo-)high level language than I can in assembler. One place decompiling is extremely useful for, is showing the parameters to function calls (especially Windows API calls) in a way that isn't as tedious (and potentially error prone) as scrolling up and counting the PUSH instructions (cdecl or stdcall) or trying to trace the contents of certain registers (fastcall). More on that in my next installment.
The way the user interface in the Ghidra CodeBrowser works by default, in the center of the screen you have the disassembler window and immediately to the right of that is the decompiler window. When you are looking at code within a function in the disassembler, you'll see the corresponding decompiled code right next to it. If you click on an instruction in one, it highlights the corresponding code in the other in yellow. Very nice. But this also led to some confusion on one of the first samples I looked at in Ghidra.
In my normal workflow in IDA, I'll often begin by looking at the imports. In IDA, that means going to the imports tab where all of the imports are listed together. In Ghidra, the imports are all listed under the DLL from which they are imported. If I want to search through all of them, that requires clicking the + next to 'Imports' and then the + next to each of the DLLs. That is kind of a pain, but doable. If I have a particular API call that I want to look at (perhaps based on behavioral analysis), you can type that in the Filter box, just like you can type the API call name in the IDA imports window, so that's good. So when I took one of the samples we examine in FOR610 and examined it in Ghidra, I looked for one of the API calls (in this case, RegOpenKeyExA), and just like in IDA, I right-clicked on the name and looked for references (I'm half-tempted to change the key binding so that I can use 'x' just like in IDA, rather than the 'ctrl-shift-F' that is the Ghidra default, since I'm so used to it, but maybe I'll adjust). I clicked on one of the calls and I see the call in the disassembler window, but when I look over at the decompiler window, I can't find it. I try clicking on other instructions around the call and nothing is getting highlighted in the decompiler window. What the ****?
As I mentioned above, I don't know exactly how I'll use this going forward. If I leave it unchecked then the code simply doesn't show up in the decompiler window, but it still shows up in the disassembler, so that is a disconnect. But it also makes it clear that this is code I don't need to waste too much time analyzing because the decompilation process concluded that the code was unreachable. In a normal program, the programmer would probably instruct the optimizer to remove dead (unreachable) code, but malware authors are going to make our jobs as analysts harder by including code like this to waste our time. I'm not sure if the complete absence of the code in the decompiler window will help me more or whether seeing a big block of code enclosed in if (false) { ... } will be the more useful display. I guess we'll see as I spend more time playing with Ghidra. For now, I'm leaving it unchecked.
I've spent the last month working on a new decompiler for NCS code, and I'm ready to share my work in progress with you all. It works properly on many scripts, but there are still situations where it produces incorrect code (but the issues are usually relatively minor). 589ccfa754
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