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_______ is the crime of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, threat of force, or by use of fear. According to common law, robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or fear; that is, it is a larceny or theft accomplished by an assault.[1] Precise definitions of the offence may vary between jurisdictions. Robbery is differentiated from other forms of theft (such as burglary, shoplifting, pickpocketing, or car theft) by its inherently violent nature (a violent crime); whereas many lesser forms of theft are punished as misdemeanors, robbery is always a felony in jurisdictions that distinguish between the two. Under English law, most forms of theft are triable either way, whereas robbery is triable only on indictment. The word "rob" came via French from Late Latin words (e.g., 3_________) of Germanic origin, from Common Germanic 4____ "theft".
Among the types of robbery are 1_____________, which involves the use of a weapon, and 2__________________, when someone brings with them a deadly weapon or something that appears to be a deadly weapon. Highway robbery or mugging takes place outside or in a public place such as a sidewalk, street, or parking lot. Carjacking is the act of stealing a car from a victim by force. Extortion is the threat to do something illegal, or the offer to not do something illegal, in the event that goods are not given, primarily using words instead of actions.
Criminal slang for robbery includes "blagging" (armed robbery, usually of a bank) or "stick-up" (derived from the verbal command to robbery targets to raise their hands in the air), and "steaming" (organized robbery on underground train systems).
In Canada, the Criminal Code makes robbery an indictable offence, subject to a maximum penalty of life imprisonment. If the accused uses a restricted or prohibited firearm to commit robbery, there is a mandatory minimum sentence of five years for the first offence, and seven years for subsequent offences.[2]
A person is guilty of robbery if he or she steals, and immediately before or at the time of doing so, and in order to do so, uses force on any person or puts or seeks to put any person in fear of being then and there subjected to force.[3]
A person is guilty of robbery if he steals, and immediately before or at the time of doing so, and in order to do so, he uses force on any person or puts or seeks to put any person in fear of being then and there subjected to force.[4]
This requires evidence to show a theft as set out in section 1(1) of the Theft Act 1968. In 5____________[6] the defendant threatened the victim with a knife in order to recover money which he was actually owed. His conviction for robbery was quashed on the basis that Robinson had an honest, although unreasonable, belief (under Section 2(1)(a) of the Act) in his legal right to the money. See also 6______________ [1968] 1 QB 166, [1967] 2 WLR 655, 131 JP 265, 111 SJ 72, [1967] 1 All ER 483, 51 Cr App R 167, CA.
In 7________ (1978)[7] the application of force and the stealing took place in many different locations, and it was not possible to establish the timing; it was held that the appropriation necessary to prove theft was a continuing act, and the jury could correctly convict of robbery. This approach was followed in 8___________ (1995)[8] when the force was applied to a shopkeeper after property had been taken. It was argued that the theft should be regarded as complete by this time, and 9_________ (1993),[9] should apply; the court disagreed, preferring to follow 10________.
The force or threat may be directed against a third party, for example a customer in a jeweller's shop.[17] Theft accompanied by a threat to damage property will not constitute robbery, but it may disclose an offence of blackmail.
Under current sentencing guidelines, the punishment for robbery is affected by a variety of aggravating and mitigating factors. Particularly important is how much harm was caused to the victim and how much culpability the offender had (e.g. carrying a weapon or leading a group effort implies high culpability). Robbery is divided into three categories which are, in increasing order of seriousness: street or less sophisticated commercial; dwelling; and professionally planned commercial.[19]
Robbery generally results in a custodial sentence. Only a low-harm, low-culpability robbery with other mitigating factors would result in an alternative punishment, in the form of a high level community order.[19] The maximum legal punishment is imprisonment for life.[20] It is also subject to the mandatory sentencing regime under the Criminal Justice Act 2003. Current sentencing guidelines advise that the sentence should be no longer than 20 years, for a high-harm, high-culpability robbery with other aggravating factors.
If a robbery is foiled before it can be completed, an alternative offence (with the same penalty, given by section 8(2) of the 1968 Act) is assault; any act which intentionally or recklessly causes another to fear the immediate and unlawful use of force, with an intent to rob, will suffice.
In the United States, robbery is generally treated as an aggravated form of common law larceny. Specific elements and definitions differ from state to state. The common elements of robbery are:a trespassory taking and carrying away of the personal property of another with the intent to steal from the person or presence of the victim by force or threat of force.[24]
The threat or use of force does not have to take place immediately before or at the time of the theft.[28] Force used after the theft will turn the theft into a robbery unless the theft is complete. The theft is considered completed when the perpetrator reaches a place of temporary safety with the property.[29]
Title 18, section 2113 of the United States Code is the Federal criminal bank robbery statute. Section 2113 outlines and defines prohibited criminal conduct vis-a-vis federally protected financial institutions and concomitant penalties.
Robbery can be considered an inherently dangerous felony, and death may be a foreseeable consequence. A robbery can become a first-degree felony murder charge if someone is killed during the crime, even if the defendant never intended to kill the victim.
LegalMatch is a platform that connects people with experienced attorneys in their local area. If you are facing a robbery charge, LegalMatch can match you with criminal defense attorneys who have experience handling similar cases.
LegalMatch also provides a free online legal library to help you better understand your case and the laws related to robbery charges. This library includes articles, FAQs, and legal guides written by attorneys.
Dion O'Brian, a notorious gangster in Chicago, was quickly questioned regarding the robbery. He pointed inspectors to an apartment in the West side of Chicago where the wounded man was being cared for.
The wounded was Willie Newton. One of four brothers that made up the Newton Boys. James Murray, a well-known mob boss, ended up visiting Newton where inspectors also found Joe Newton. The three were arrested, and the rest of the gang quickly fell to law enforcement.
What was suspicious to inspectors, was the lack of prior success in train robberies from the culprits. The Newton Boys and their accomplices were well-know bank robbers throughout the Midwest. Robbing a train of this magnitude was out of their realm of expertise.
The Rondout train robbery was the largest looted amount the U.S. had seen. The robbers were well-versed in the contents of the train and exactly where, when, and how to proceed without being caught. During the investigation, Postal Inspectors were stumped trying to understand how this particular gang of criminals were able to undertake such a successful venture.
It became apparent that the bandits had help from an inside source. in the months leading up to the robbery, several Postal Inspectors had taken note, and reported suspicious activity on one of their own, Inspector William J. Fahy.
William J. Fahy began his career with the Postal Office as a railway mail clerk. In September 1917, he was appointed to the position of Post Office Inspector. Fahy was once a highly respected Inspector and was considered "bad medicine for train robbers."
He was responsible for the arrest of infamous Chicago robber Timothy "Big Tim" Murphy after the 1922 Dearborn Station Robbery and the 1923 Pullman Robbery in Chicago. Fahy was given credit with solving nearly every important mail robbery over the previous five years. Since Fahy began his career as a clerk, he was knowledgeable about all aspects of trains going in and out of Chicago. He was also well connected throughout the Postal Service.
When the Rondout train was robbed in 1924, William J. Fahy was the first Postal inspector assigned to the job. He was on the scene quickly, examining each piece of evidence closely.
Shortly after 8:05 a.m., troopers from the Maryland State Police Frederick Barrack responded to a report of an armed robbery at the Safeway grocery store, located in the 100 block of Walkers Village Way in Walkersville, Maryland. According to a preliminary investigation, the robber entered the store, went through a check-out aisle and implied he had a knife to the cashier before he took the money from the register and fled. No one was physically harmed as a result of the robbery.
The gun the robber used to menace diners turned out to be a toy gun, police said. At the time of the robbery, the suspect was dressed all in black, including a black ski mask and black gloves, according to police.
MICHELOTTO and WEINER were transported to Marple Township Police Department HQ where they were fingerprinted, photographed, and arraigned by the on call Magisterial District Judge. Both MICHELOTTO and WEINER were charged with conspiracy to kidnapping, unlawful restraint, robbery, theft, possessing instruments of a crime, and simple assault. MICHELOTTO and WEINER were each remanded to Delaware County prison in lieu of posting $250,000 cash bail. 5376163bf9
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