1. RADIAL CERAMIC CAPACITOR

A ceramic capacitor is a fixed-value capacitor in which ceramic material acts as the dielectric. It is constructed of two or more alternating layers of ceramic and a metal layer acting as the electrodes. Class 2 ceramic capacitors offer high volumetric efficiency for buffer, by-pass, and coupling applications.

APPLICATIONS

• Class 1 ceramic capacitors offer high stability and low losses for resonant circuit applications.
• Class 2 ceramic capacitors offer high volumetric efficiency for buffer, by-pass, and coupling applications.

2. THREE TERMINAL CAPACITOR

A capacitor having a third terminal which connects to ground. A three terminal capacitor may be a through-hole with 3 leads or surface mount with 3 pads. Primarily 3-Terminal Capacitors are multilayer ceramic chip capacitors which are used in EMC / RFI Suppression conditions.

APPLICATIONS

• Digital still camera
• Smartphone
• Blue-ray / DVD
• LCD-TV

3. SURFACE MOUNT THREE TERMINAL ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

3-Terminal Capacitors have a smaller equivalent Series Inductance [ESL] because the distance from a positive electrode to a ground (GND) electrode is shorter and the cross-sectional area of a rectangular solid is larger. In order to make ESL smaller, capacitors have to be shorter in length and longer in width. This principle ultimately leads to a three-terminal shape, in which the power line is incorporated in the component, and the distance from the power line as a positive electrode to the GND electrode is shortest.

APPLICATIONS

Surface mount capacitors are often used in printed circuit boards and high-density applications.

4. WIRED ENDED ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

An electrolytic capacitor (e-cap) is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. ... The failure of electrolytic capacitors can be hazardous, resulting in an explosion or fire.

APPLICATIONS

A capacitor can also act as an AC resistor.

5. MOTOR RUN CAPACITOR

A motor capacitor, such as a start capacitor or run capacitor (including a dual run capacitor) is an electricalcapacitor that alters the current to one or more windings of a single phase AC induction motor to create a rotating magnetic field.

APPLICATIONS

Motor capacitors are used with air conditioners, hot tub/jacuzzi spa pumps, powered gates, large fans or forced-air heat furnaces for example. A "dual run capacitor" is used in some air conditioner compressor units, to boost both the fan and compressor motors.

6. SOLID CHIP TANTA

A tantalum electrolytic capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a passive component of electronic .Electrolytic capacitors use a chemical feature of some special metals, historically . Solid electrolytes have electron conductivity and thus solid electrolytic .A typical tantalum capacitor is a chip capacitor and consists of tantalum.

APPLICATIONS

Tantalum is used in the electronics industry for capacitors and high power resistors. It is also used to make alloys to increase strength, ductility and corrosion resistance. The metal is used in dental and surgical instruments and implants, as it causes no immune response.

7. SURFACE MOUNT CERAMIC CAPACITOR

A ceramic capacitor is a fixed-value capacitor in whichceramic material acts as the dielectric. It is constructed of two or more alternating layers of ceramic and a metal layer acting as the electrodes.

APPLICATIONS

Ceramic capacitors are majorly used in the resonant circuit in transmitter stations. Class 2 high-power capacitors are used in high voltage laser power supplies, power circuit breakers, induction furnaces etc. Surface mount capacitors are often used in printed circuit boards and high-density applications.

8. SUPPRESS CAPACITOR

EMI suppression capacitors are used to suppress any noise from an electronic device by reducing the input impedance of the device.

APPLICATIONS

Filter capacitors are capacitors used for filtering of undesirable frequencies. They are common in electrical and electronic equipment, and cover a number of applications, such as: Glitch removal on Direct current (DC) power rails.

9. POLYESTER CAPACITOR

The polyester uses a polyester film for its dielectric which sits between the two capacitor plates. It is the properties of this dielectric that gives the polyester capacitor its unique properties. Also the capacitors may be referred to as PET because the synthetic polyester material used goes by this abbreviation.

APPLICATIONS

Polyester capacitors use layers of metal and polyester or Mylar dielectric to make a wide range of capacitance values but normally within a relatively small package and for low voltages. The use of "rolled" film layers lead to high dissipation and capacitance vs. temperature problems.

10. POLYPROPYLENE CAPACITOR

Polypropylene film is the most-used dielectric film in industrial capacitors and also in power capacitortypes. The polypropylene film material absorbs less moisture than polyester film and is therefore also suitable for "naked" designs without any coating or further packaging.

APPLICATIONS

Most power capacitors, the largest capacitors made, generally use polypropylene film as the dielectric. PP film capacitors are used for high-frequency high-power applications such as induction heating, for pulsed power energy discharge applications, and as AC capacitors for electrical distribution.

11. MEMORY BACK - UP CAPACITOR

A supercapacitor (SC) (also called a supercap, ultracapacitor or Goldcap) is a high-capacity capacitorwith capacitance values much higher than othercapacitors (but lower voltage limits) that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries.

APPLICATIONS

Smaller units are used as memory backup for static random-access memory (SRAM). A large (0.1F) capacitor can replace your backup battery in certain applications. Though limited in storage capacity, the capacitor offers sufficient backup for low-dissipation equipment in which typical power outages last from a few seconds to several hours. ... Even a large (10MΩ) resistor cuts the backup time in half.

12. TRIMMER CAPACITOR

A trimmer is a miniature adjustable electrical component. It is meant to be set correctly when installed in some device, and never seen or adjusted by the device's user. Trimmers can be variable resistors (potentiometers), variable capacitors, or trimmable inductors.

APPLICATIONS

Trimmer capacitors are variable capacitors which serve the purpose of initial calibration of equipment during manufacturing or servicing. ... Trimmer capacitorsare used to initially set oscillator frequency values, latencies, rise and fall times and other variables in a circuit.

13. POLYSTYRENE CAPACITORS

Polymer capacitor definition A polymer capacitor is a capacitor which uses solid polymers as the electrolyte. They have a number of superior qualities including a safer failure mode, lower losses and a longer lifetime than electrolytic capacitors.

APPLICATIONS

The polystyrene capacitors provide a number of electrical characteristics which make them suitable for a number of applications. These capacitors provide high insulation, low leakage, low dielectric absorption, low distortion and excellent temperature stability.

14. ALUMINIUM CAPACITOR

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized electrolytic capacitors whose anode electrode (+) is made of a pure aluminum foil with an etched surface. Thealuminum forms a very thin insulating layer of aluminium oxide by anodization that acts as the dielectric of the capacitor.

APPLICATIONS

Like other conventional capacitors, electrolytic capacitors store the electric energy statically by charge separation in an electric field in the dielectric oxide layer between two electrodes.

15. PCB MOUNT ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

A monolithic ceramic capacitor expands and contracts due to applied alternate current. When the capacitor is mounted on a PCB, this movement causes vibration of the PCB. Although the vibration amplitude is only 1pm to 1nm, if the oscillation frequency is within the audible frequency range （20Hz to 20kHz）, it creates sound recognizable by the human ear. Although the amplitude of the PCB is only 1pm to 1nm, if the oscillation frequency is within the human audio-frequency range （20Hz to 20kHz）, it creates an audible sound. The PCB literally functions as a speaker.

APPLICATIONS

This is caused by the 200Hz frequency characterizing the switching function from LTE mode to 3G mode, a frequency audible to the human ear.

How to Know the Value of Capacitors?

Capacitors are the essential components of an electronic circuit without which the circuit cannot be completed. Use of capacitors includes smoothing the ripples from AC in power supply, coupling and decoupling the signals, as buffers etc. Different types of capacitors like Electrolytic capacitor, Disc capacitor, Tantalum capacitor etc are used in circuits. Electrolytic capacitors have value printed on its body so that its pins can be easily identified. Usually the large pin is positive. The black band present near the negative terminal indicates the polarity. But in Disc capacitors, only a number is printed on its body so it is very difficult to determine its value in PF, KPF, uF, n etc. For some capacitors the value is printed in terms of uF, while in others a EIA code is used. 104. Let us see the methods to identify the capacitor and to calculate its value.

1.The number on the capacitor represents the capacitance value in Pico Farads.

For example, 8 = 8PF

2. If the third number is zero, then the value is in P e.g. 100 = 100PF

3. For a 3 digit number, the third number represents the number of zeros after the second digit For example, 104 = 10 – 0000 PF

4. If the value is obtained in PF, it is easy to convert it into KPF or uF

PF / 1000 = KPF or n, PF / 10, 00000 = uF. For a capacitance value of 104 or 100000 in pF, it is 100KpF or n or 0.1uF.

Conversion formula:

n x 1000 = PF PF/1000 = n PF/1,000,000 = uF uF x 1,000,000 = PF uF x 1,000,000/1000 = n n=1/1,000,000,000F uF = 1/ 1000,000 F

The letter below the capacitance value determines the tolerance value.

473 = 473 K

For a 4 digit number, if the 4th digit is a zero, then the capacitance value is in pF.

E.g. 1500 = 1500PF

If the number is just a floating point decimal number, the capacitance value is in uF.

E.g. 0.1 = 0.1 uF

If an alphabet is given below the digits, it represents a decimal and the value is in KPF or n

E.g. 2K2 = 2.2 KPF

If the values are given with slashes, the first digit represents value in UF, second its tolerance and third its maximum voltage rating

E.g. 0.1/5/800 = 0.01 uF / 5 % / 800 Volt.