Every year, the famous Civil Services Exam is administered by a Union Public Service Commission. These NCERT study guides were created by subject-matter specialists and are suggested for the UPSC Prelims and Mains exams in 2022. IAS candidates should remember that although these notes align with the UPSC Prelims and Mains syllabuses, the review approach has to change depending on whether the questions are objective (for the Prelims) or subjective (for the Mains).

In addition to competitiveness, the extensive syllabus and erratic exam format make it significantly more complicated. Two months to prepare for the IAS prelims may seem daunting, but nothing is impossibly difficult. One may pass the UPSC Preliminaries in two months with the proper preparation and determination. Here is where using UPSC Prelims notes is essential.


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When studying for the UPSC Prelims, particularly in light of a Civil Service Mains test, it is crucial to understand how to take concise notes. Without thorough study, making notes, and periodically reviewing them, one cannot hope to succeed in the Main examination.

Mastering the art of creating concise notes during UPSC Prelims preparation is of utmost significance, particularly when considering the Civil Service Mains exam. Success in the Mains examination necessitates diligent study and the creation of personal notes that are regularly reviewed. Without this approach, achieving success in the Main examination becomes a challenging endeavor.

IAS 1 requires an entity whose financial statements comply with IFRSs to make an explicit and unreserved statement of such compliance in the notes. Financial statements cannot be described as complying with IFRSs unless they comply with all the requirements of IFRSs (which includes International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards, IFRIC Interpretations and SIC Interpretations). [IAS 1.16]

The Conceptual Framework notes that financial statements are normally prepared assuming the entity is a going concern and will continue in operation for the foreseeable future. [Conceptual Framework, paragraph 4.1]

IAS 1 requires that comparative information to be disclosed in respect of the previous period for all amounts reported in the financial statements, both on the face of the financial statements and in the notes, unless another Standard requires otherwise. Comparative information is provided for narrative and descriptive where it is relevant to understanding the financial statements of the current period. [IAS 1.38]

An entity must disclose, in the summary of significant accounting policies or other notes, the judgements, apart from those involving estimations, that management has made in the process of applying the entity's accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements. [IAS 1.122]

An entity must also disclose, in the notes, information about the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year. [IAS 1.125] These disclosures do not involve disclosing budgets or forecasts. [IAS 1.130]

The availability of free UPSC material has revolutionised the way aspirants prepare for one of India's most prestigious and competitive examinations, the UPSC Civil Services Examination. These free UPSC notes encompass a wide range of subjects, including daily current affairs, history, geography, economics, and more, catering to the diverse needs of aspirants. This democratisation of knowledge not only levels the playing field but also empowers aspirants from all backgrounds to pursue their dream of becoming civil servants by providing them with comprehensive, cost-effective study resources. In this article, we will explore the various sources of free UPSC study material, highlighting their significance and how they can aid aspirants in their journey to success.

In the pursuit of success in the highly competitive UPSC Civil Services Examination, access to UPSC Free Study Material is essential. Fortunately, we at Vajiram & Ravi offer a wealth of free study material to aspirants. This material encompasses a diverse range of resources, including Daily Current Affairs like Prelims Pointers, Mains Pointers, Editorial Analysis, Yojana Magazine, Kurukshetra Magazine, etc. These Free UPSC Materials are designed to equip candidates with the knowledge and skills required to excel in various subjects covered by the UPSC syllabus. From detailed analyses of current events to in-depth coverage of core subjects like Indian Polity, Economy, History, and Geography, these free notes serve as invaluable companions on the journey towards achieving success in the UPSC CSE exam.

UPSC Notes are an essential part of the learning process and help in consolidating information. Good UPSC IAS notes are not only beneficial for revision but also help in better understanding the concepts and recalling the information during the exam. It is rightly said that making comprehensive and precise notes can help aspirants to cover a vast UPSC syllabus in a relatively shorter time, allowing them to focus on the more critical topics and retain the information for a more extended period. In this article, we will discuss the different types of UPSC notes, share some effective tips on how to make notes for UPSC, and recommend the best quality UPSC notes. We will also discuss the importance of notes for UPSC preparation, and how aspirants can make the most of it. Is UPSC very tough? This article will help you find an answer for this.

UPSC Notes in Hindi represent an important source of information for the UPSC aspirants preparing in Hindi Medium. These UPSC Hindi notes are an excellent source for students to understand the significance of subjects in the Hindi language. We understand that not every candidate is fluent in the English language, and to help them score well in the exam we have also developed subject-wise UPSC notes in the Hindi language also.

Following is the list of all UPSC notes in Hindi provided by Testbook for UPSC aspirants from Hindi medium, you can download PDFs of individual topics by clicking on the below attached subject-wise links.

Testbook offers the most recent NCERT notes both online and as a downloadable PDF for offline reading. These NCERT notes are prepared in clear language and brief material, making them simple to understand. They are also important in terms of the UPSC Prelims and Mains exams. These NCERT notes are incredibly simple to understand because the narrative is built around the topic.

For general studies (Prelims or Mains), aspirants should concentrate on NCERT notes in the following UPSC subjects: History, Geography, Economics, Political Science, Sociology, Fine Arts, and Science.

Making e-notes for the UPSC Exam provides convenience in your preparation. E-notes for UPSC are easy to organize, you can access them from anywhere without any struggle to carry them as compared to physical notes. E-notes can be used to supplement lectures since they provide a clear learning benefit over conventional note-taking methods.

Making notes is advantageous to make it more appealing by adding more educational information. Digital UPSC Notes could be useful when answering questions in an essay-like format. It also helps to properly categorise by subjects so you can quickly review or quickly locate the topic as needed.

In the context of the Civil Service Mains examination, it is crucial to learn how to take concise notes when preparing for the UPSC. Without thorough study, making their own notes, and periodically reviewing them, one cannot hope to succeed in the Main examination.


For UPSC exams, reputable newspapers like The Hindu and The Indian Express are essential tools to grow knowledge on many topics. Understand the UPSC exam pattern by reviewing previous years' papers for pertinent topics. Prioritize subject materials such as editorials, defense, economy, and constitutional amendments. Make concise notes by summarizing critical points with emphasis on keywords and trustworthy sources like PIB (Press Information Bureau) and Yojana, a monthly government magazine offering insights into socio-economic issues. 

Have a comprehensive understanding of current affairs integrated with foundational knowledge based on its background. Organize notes by subject and topic for efficient revision. Critically analyze editorials, assessing points for and against to develop a deeper perspective. Regularly update and revise notes to be current and ready for the exam.


For effective UPSC geography notes, study the NCERT Geography syllabus from grades 6-10 in-depth. Organize notes systematically, using bullet points and visual aids like maps. Highlight key terms. Create mind maps to visualize relationships and regularly review and revise them. Personalize notes with insights and connections. Integrate these strategies with crucial readings, such as "Certificate Physical and Human Geography" by Goh Cheng Leong, "Geography of India" by Majid Husain, and "Oxford School Atlas." Summarize these readings systematically, extracting key concepts, examples, and definitions. Apply the same principles of organization, visualization, and personalization to ensure comprehensive notes for UPSC exam preparation.


While the UPSC Civil Services Exam lacks a specific current affairs syllabus due to its dynamic nature, effective UPSC current affairs notes are crucial. Sources like The Hindu and Indian Express provide reliable information. To create these notes, focus on vital topics like politics, economy, environment, science and technology, international relations, security, social issues, health, education, infrastructure, art and culture, sports, and miscellaneous events. Categorize details into syllabus areas with a consistent note format, summarizing articles and using visual aids like mind maps. Enhance retention with personal insights. Regularly update notes, connecting current affairs to the broader UPSC syllabus. Utilize note-taking apps for organization, engage in forums for perspectives, and practice integrating current affairs into answers for holistic preparation. ff782bc1db

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