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Industrial transesterification processes, where lipid alcohols are separated, demand rigorous and expensive technologies [12]. Different studies compare transesterification reactions under various techniques for the production of biodiesel, among which are: mechanical agitation [13], thermal temperature increase [14], microwave irradiation [15] and hydrodynamic cavitation [16], however in comparison with these, the yield obtained with ultrasound for the manufacture of biodiesel is higher, obtaining processes of short duration [17], regardless of the type of catalyst and raw materials used [18-20]. In Colombia, the value of transesterification equipment is high because it is manufactured abroad and its maintenance requires specialized personnel, increasing its cost, and therefore making it an unviable alternative to implement; and in relation to the operation of existing equipment in the market, a complex user interface is observed for tuning and subsequent manipulation; so in the present investigation, an ultrasonic reactor for the production of biodiesel (at the laboratory level) is developed and evaluated in order to improve the standard production efficiency so that the process is reproducible and the system is scalable at an industrial level.

Once the factors present in the transesterification tank have been analyzed, the tank is designed in stainless steel of reference AISI 304 [37]. The tank design calculations start from the mentioned considerations and the volume of the liquid contained in the transesterification tank (162 ml), with a transit time of fewer than 6 minutes, to comply with the technical characteristic. For the proposed industrial mechanical design, it is recommended to use an AISI 304 stainless steel tube with a diameter of 2.54 mm and a length of 200 mm, the diameter of the inlet/outlet flow is 38.1 mm. In the upper part it has a threaded surface to house the ultrasonic actuator and in the outlet pipe, there is a thermocouple type K, to sense the temperature increase in the processed substance (Fig. 5.a). To increase the temperature of the liquid to be processed in laboratory tests, a band-type electrical resistance will be used (Fig. 5.b). Once the characteristics present in the mechanical subsystem are defined, the transducer is coupled to the transesterification tank, the band-type resistance to the metal structure and the thermocouple to the output of the processed flow, finalizing the design of the transesterification tank.