LESSON 3

TOPIC: RANGE OF MOTION

RANGE OF MOTION

The extent or limit to which a part of the body can be moved around a joint or a fixed point.
Measured with the use of goniometer
GONIOMETER- simple handheld design with two arms that measures angles.
By lining up the arms of the device with a joint, a physical therapist can get the exact measure of how much the joint can move

1. ACTIVE- the care provider instructs the client to perform exercises.

2. ACTIVE ASSISTANCE- carries out ROM with both client and care provider.

3. PASSIVE- ROM performed by a care provider on the client's immobilised joint.

● Maintenance of current joint function.

● Restoration of joint function that has been lost through disease, injury, and lack of use.

● To strengthen muscles.

● To improve physical activities

● To increase joint flexibility

ABDUCTION- movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb laterally away from the body. (e.g. spreading of the fingers.)
ADDUCTION- movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb medially toward or across the midline of the body. (e.g. bringing fingers together)
CIRCUMDUCTION- circular motion of the arm, thigh, or finger that is produced by a sequential combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction.
DEPRESSION- downward (inferior) motion of the scapula or mandible.
DORSIFLEXION- movement at the ankle that brings the top of the foot toward the anterior leg.
ELEVATION- upward (superior) motion of the scapula or mandible.
EVERSION- foot movement involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned laterally away from the midline.
EXTENSION- movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint.
FLEXION- movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a joint.

HYPEREXTENSION- excessive extension of joints, beyond the normal range of motion.
HYPERFLEXION- excessive flexion of joints, beyond the normal range of motion.
INFERIOR ROTATION- movement of the scapula during the upper limb in which the glenoid activity of the scapula moves in a downward direction as the medical end of the scapular moves in an upward direction.

INVERSION- foot movement involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline.
LATERAL EXCURSION- side-to-side movement of the mandible away from the midline; toward either right or left side.
LATERAL FLEXION- bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side.

LATERAL (EXTERNAL) ROTATION- movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the high at the hip joint that moves the anterior surface of the limb away from the midline of the body.
MEDIAL EXCURSION- side-to-side movement that returns the mandible to the midline.
MEDIAL (INTERNAL) ROTATION- movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body.

OPPOSITION- thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of the finger.
PLANTAR FLEXION- foot movement of the ankle in which the heel is lifted off of the ground.
PRONATED POSITION- forearm position in which the palm faces backward.
PRONATION- forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position.
PROTRACTION- anterior motion of the scapula or mandible.
REPOSITION- movement of the thumb from opposition back to the anatomical position.
RETRACTION- posterior motion of the scapula or mandible.
ROTATION- movement of the bone around a central axis (atlantoaxial joint) or around its long axis.
SUPERIOR ROTATION- movement of the scapula during upper limb abduction.
SUPINE- forearm position in which the palm faces anteriorly.

Passive Range of Motion should be done only on a patient who is unable to do it on their own.
Passive ROM exercise should be done on the point of sight resistance. NEVER do ROM beyond the capacity of an individual that is to the point of discomfort.
Move the body parts smoothly, slowly, and rhythmically.
Expect heart rate, respiratory rate to increase during exercise which return to resting level within 3 mins.
If muscle spasticity occurs during movement, stop movement temporarily, but continue to apply small

gentle pressure on the part until the muscle relaxes, then continue with ROM exercises.

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