I went down the rabbit hole a little deeper than expected and accidentally become an expert in this field. In my theory of personal finance, I divide it into 3 levels.
If you don't want to care about finance at all, I would recommend Dave Ramsey and his 7 baby steps. Don't pay for the course obviously. In fact, I never pay for online course unless it's strictly academically required. Anyway, go watch his videos on Youtube. They teach very simple but important finance principles. Dave Ramsey is my first teacher when entering into finance, so I really appreciate him and a lot of my finance decisions are heavily influenced by his philosophy as well. At some point, if you watch Dave videos and feel like it's too repetitive, that's when you know you finished level 1. I personally spent 2 years to finish this level.
This is not a complete list, just whatever on the to of my head but I can show you a rundown of Dave
Have a Monthly Budget
Spend Less Than You Make
Stay Out of Debt
Save and invest money
Be outrageously generous
Save $1,000
Pay off your debt
Build emergency fund: 3-6 months of expense
Invest 15% of Your Income
Save for your children college fund
Pay off the house
Build Wealth and Give Generously
Buy used reliable car in CASH
NEVER give loan to family and friends. If you want to help them, just give them the money and don't ask to be paid back.
There is no WE if you're not married. Don't go buy a house and create a mess at break up.
Invest order is 401k match, Roth IRA, then 401k again
Absolute no debt which includes no credit card debt. Most people would disagree with not using credit cards in a credit base economy.
15 years fixed rate mortgage is very hard to achieve, especially in high cost of living areas.
Invest order may not make sense for FIRE people
Invest portfolio is 4 mutual funds which is against the long term passive investing style of index fund
If you take formal education on finance, I think you would jump straight to 2.9 and trying to break into level 3 as you advance in your career. I'm currently in level 2, probably around 2.7. I'm still searching for the 0.2 I'm missing to go to 2.9 before I can attempt to break into level 3.
At level 1, you can just buy the S&P 500 and call it a day. However, in level 2, you actually care about asset allocation, tax, diversification, risk management, etc. I put the peak of level 2 as Bogleheads people. Bogle is pretty much Warren Buffett level. The only difference is Bogle steps back and say "no I will not predict the market" which is the line where I differentiate level 2 and 3. Other than that, Bogle is already the peak of finance.
I personally went to Bogleheads Main Page and read every articles on there. In fact, I still have the thick printed paper on my desk right now
While there are many great things, when people mention Bogleheads, it's likely their three-fund index portfolio: Domestic total market, International total market, and Domestic total bond. There are a few obvious nice things about this portfolio
Low expense ratio
Tax advantage
Index fund has low turnover rates
Certain bonds are exempt from federal taxes
Diversification*
*Here I want to really stress out about diversification because Bogle includes bond which is a very niche thing compare to other investors. At first, I didn't really get it until I watch a MIT lecture on Youtube about Portfolio Management and actually see Prof. Jake Xia do the math on asset risk-return and their correlation factor. The math is complicated but long lecture short is that diversification only matters if the correlation between 2 assets is as close to 0 as possible. It sounds normal and obvious now but definitely was an enlightenment moment for me at 19 years old and actually understand diversification mathematically, not just abstract idea of the eggs and the basket. Anyway, back to the three-fund index portfolio, there is as little as possible correlation between US stocks, bonds, and international stocks. If the US goes wrong, only bonds and US stocks are affected, you still have international stocks. If there's a global crisis, both domestic and international stocks may go down but you still have bonds. If the economy is going well, bonds and international may not profit much but US stocks will profit a lot and push your portfolio up.
Too safe, if you are in your young 20s and have 40 years ahead in the market, you can afford more risk
Easily underperform in Bull market
Well, there's a lot more in this level and I can't show them all here but I can give you a list of resource in case you are interested.
New Money Youtube channel. Long term passive investing style. This one fits my investing style the most. They do a lot of analysis of Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Bogleheads, and other big investors.
Minority Mindset Youtube channel. Cash flow investing style. Fit best if you like cash flow. Also, he covers recent market trends with very logical reasoning. Downside is cover market trend. There's no point if you are a long term investor
Million Made Easy Youtube Channel. Long term technical analysis for the S&P 500. I used to run a similar analysis but he did a way better job than me. His analysis is best to answer the question of how much money do you need to invest monthly to get to your financial goal in the next 20+ years. Downside is too technical and content is boring after 5 videos.
Financial Order of Operations (FOO). This comes from the money guys show on Youtube. They are among the most reasonable financial advisors that I know. They are not extreme debt oriented like Dave Ramsey or too conservative like Bogleheads or too much active style (single stock) like Warren Buffett. Probably the most balanced people I know. Downside is too much focus on retirement (25% of income) and I disagree with their car loan guidelines (you should pay CASH for your used reliable car)
Level 3 is expert level. I will likely spend decades in level 2 before I can break into level 3.
Peak of level 3 is Warren Buffett. I define this level as consistently predict the market with high accuracy. I'm not here yet, so cannot say too much but my definition of breaking into level 3 is predicting (successfully) in a narrow restricted market first and expand it over time. I know my mom is somewhat in this level but only in the real estate market in Đà Nẵng (the city we lived in Vietnam), so it's super narrow and limited and high entrance but she can literally tells the intrinsic values of the market with scary accuracy.