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Experimental Verifications of the Interaction of Traveling Waves with the Functional Microstructure of Orientation Columns in the Human Visual Cortex Based on EEG and MEG Data
The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-015-00475
Fig. 1 Contrast gratings used for visual stimulation during registration of 128-channel EEG. A) 90º B) 0º C) 45º D) 135º
Fig.2 When registering the MEG, we used visual stimuli in the form of Gabor contrast gratings (1.9 cycles per angular degree) with dimensions of 5.25 angular degrees and an average brightness of 4 lux, which were projected onto a screen located at a distance of 95 cm from the subject's eyes for 100 ms. and were presented randomly every 3000 ± 100 ms (intervals between stimuli changed randomly). Two randomized sequences of 42 stimuli in each orientation were used. Between the series, the subject rested for 2-3 minutes.
Fig. 3 MEG registration at the «Neuromag Vector View» (Elekta Oy, Finland) installation (306 channels). A proection screen is visible in the forgraund.
Fig. 4 Evoked potentials. Components P100 (50-120 ms), N170 (100-200 ms) and P300 (250-400 ms of the 128 channel EEG upon presentation of contrast grids (90º, 0º, 45º, 135º).
Fig. 5 A scheme of the location of the electrodes on the head during the registration of the 128-channel EEG. Orange shaded are the electrodes on which statistically significant differences in EP were found. REF (Cz) - reference electrode, NAS - electrode located on the bridge of the nose (nasion).
Fig. 6 Average visual evoked potentials for the entire group of subjects (left hemisphere, E 65). When presented with a stimulus: 90°, 0°, 135°, 45°; * - significant differences in P100 amplitude between orientations lattice slopes (p<0.05); *** - Significant differences in P300 amplitude between lattice tilt orientations (p < 0.005)
Fig. 7 Averaged visual evoked potentials for the entire group of subjects (right hemisphere, E 84). On stimulus presentation: 90°, 0°, 135°, 45°. * - significant differences in the P100 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05); ** - significant differences in the N170 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05); *** - Significant differences in P300 amplitude between lattice tilt orientations (p < 0.05).
Fig 8 Average visual EPs of subject 1 (right hemisphere - E 90, left hemisphere - E 59). When presented with a stimulus: 90°, 0°, 135°, 45°. * - significant differences in the P100 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05); ** - significant differences in the N170 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05); *** - Significant differences in P300 amplitude between lattice tilt orientations (p < 0.05).
Fig 9 Average visual EPs of subject 2 (right hemisphere - electrode E 89, left hemisphere - E 64 and E 69). When presented with a stimulus: 90°, 0°, 135°, 45°; ' significant differences in the P50 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p < 0.05); * - significant differences in the P100 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05); ** - significant differences in the N170 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05); *** - Significant differences in P300 amplitude between lattice tilt orientations (p < 0.05).
Fig.10 Average visual evoked potentials of subject 4 (left hemisphere, E 65). On stimulus presentation: 90°, 0°, 135°, 45°; * - significant differences in the P100 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p < 0.05). ** - significant differences in the N170 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05). *** - Significant differences in P300 amplitude between lattice tilt orientations (p < 0.05).
Fig. 11 Average visual evoked potentials of subject 4 (right hemisphere, E 90). On stimulus presentation: 90°, 0°, 135°, 45°; * - significant differences in the P100 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p < 0.05). ** - significant differences in the N170 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05). *** - Significant differences in P300 amplitude between lattice tilt orientations (p < 0.05).
Fig. 12 Average visual evoked potentials of subject 5 (right hemisphere, E 82, E 91). When presented with a stimulus: 90°, 0°, 135°, 45°; * - significant differences in the P100 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05); ** - significant differences in the N170 amplitude between the orientations of the grating slopes (p <0.05); *** - Significant differences in P300 amplitude between lattice tilt orientations (p < 0.05). In the region of the P50 and P100 components, the phase differences of oscillations depending on the stimulus are clearly visible.
Fig. 13 Average visual evoked potentials of subject 6 (right hemisphere, E 100). When presented with a stimulus: 90°, 0°, 135°, 45°. In the region of the P100 component, phase differences of oscillations depending on the stimulus are clearly visible.
Fig. 14 Search results for epicenters of traveling waves. a) two-dimensional correlation coefficients for the left hemisphere; b) two-dimensional correlation coefficients for the right hemisphere. The convolutions of the hemispheres are presented in a "smoothed" form to display the epicenters located in the depths of the cerebral cortex. Dark gray spots - projections of fissures. When presented with a stimulus: 90°, 0°, 135°, 45°. Areas of interest: left hemisphere: c) red zone, d) yellow and blue zones (baselines), right hemisphere: e) red zone (90° stimulus); f) red and yellow zones (stimulus 135°).
Fig. 15 Localization and reconstruction of traveling waves of the P100 component along the lower part of the calcarine sulcus. The convolutions of the hemispheres are presented in a "smoothed" form to display the epicenters located in the depths of the cerebral cortex a) model EEG and distribution of current densities from radial waves in the left hemisphere; b) model EEG and distribution of current densities from radial waves in the right hemisphere; The scale at the top right is the current density in pA.m. c) total EEG and electric field distribution on the scalp. The scale units at the bottom right are μV.
Fig. 16 A localization of the evoked MEG component in the calcarine sulcus upon presentation of Gabor gratings 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°.
Fig. 17 Significant differences in the individual statistics of the 100 ms MEG component when comparing stimulation with vertical and oblique gratings (90°/135°) .
Fig. 18 Significant differences in individual statistics of the 100-ms MEG component when comparing stimulation with two oppositely oblique gratings (45°/135°).
Fig. 19 Significant differences in the individual statistics of the 100 ms MEG component when comparing stimulation with oblique and vertical gratings (45°/90°) .
Fig. 20 Significant differences in the individual statistics of the 100 ms MEG component when comparing stimulation with horizontal and oblique gratings (0°/135°) .
Fig. 21 Significant differences in the individual statistics of the 100 ms MEG component when comparing stimulation with horizontal and vertical gratings (0°/90°) .
Fig. 22 Statistically significant differences in the 100 ms MEG component in subject No. 2. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.
Fig. 24 Mental tracking in visual cortex (see animation).
222VideoJ02.movFig. 25 Waves of self-excitation of the cortical nervous tissue
Fig. 26 Autogeneration with alpha rhythm frequency
Fig. 27 A simulation of interaction of orientational-column microstructure with a traveling wave (see animation).
22simPinwheels.movFig. 28 3D surface of head and electrode positions in MNI space for 128 channel EEG system.
Fig. 29 Triangulated cortical model of the brain and its membranes for solving the direct problem of EEG and MEG using the boundary element method (BEM)
Fig. 30 Method of correlation masks. The mean value of the correlation weights was compared by ANOVA.
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Methods:
[1] https://sites.google.com/view/travellingbrainwaves/tbw
[2] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7496795
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YouTube Videos
Vitaly Verkhlyutov, Meg and traveling waves, MEG-centre, Moscow, 2022 (rus)
Vitaly Verkhlyutov, Traveling waves in the prefrontal cortex. part 1 and part 2 (Rus), IHNA&NPh RAS, Moscow, 2022
Nikita Feedosov, Vitaly Verkhlyutov, Localization of traveling waves, (Rus), HSE, IHNA&NPh RAS, Moscow, 2022