I am very sorry to bother you. I have tried to search the answer to what must be a very simple problem but have had no luck.
Obviously I am new to Arduino and have little understanding of it. I am learning but very slowly.
I have a set of traffic lights. I can do the lesson and work the leds on the breadboard.
My traffic lights I have for my model railway though have the polarity around the opposite way.
The common wire is positive. The red, amber and green are negative.
I think my question is, can I get the negative to come through the digital (pwm)?
I know it must be a silly question.
The lights have 4 wires. One common that must be powered by a positive current, and the three others that when connected to the negative of a battery light. I believe that the only way to do this is to reverse the output on the Arduino but it seems very strange.
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In your case your LEDs are on when set LOW, off when set HIGH. Beginners often find this odd but you'll quickly get used to it. Low side switching (which is what you're basically doing here) is actually more common than high side switching.
I use similar traffic lights for our layout.
I put the common wire to the 5v pin on the arduino (with a current limiting resistor between) and then each of the 3 wires for the 3 LEDs go to an output pin on the arduino. Setting the pin high turns off the light. Setting the pin low turns on the light.
Cool! Now post some pics. Even if it is just a work in progress and no, I don't care if your layout is not complete. Pics of projects are always a good idea. And especially so if it involves railway layouts!
Thanks vinceherman. I have it working with a mega but having troubles getting a nano to work.
I have also got two speedometers and a welding light working. I am having alot of trouble using Nanos.
Thanks for your help.
richardvanraay:
Thanks vinceherman. I have it working with a mega but having troubles getting a nano to work.
I have also got two speedometers and a welding light working. I am having alot of trouble using Nanos.
Thanks for your help.
Current limiting resistors are required to control the current through the LEDs. Apparently these lights are in fact LEDs (otherwise the polarity would be irrelevant); we need to know their specifications in order to discuss the matter. It is somewhat unlikely that they incorporate current limiting resistors in such a small assembly so we need to know from the original product description, how they are supposed to be used.
PWM is used to vary brightness. This is a most improbable requirement on a model railway as traffic lights and railway signals in real life do not vary. The brightness is pre-set by the resistors. I suspect the OP is not really aware of what PWM is by the sound of it.
The video never got posted, so I have no idea what a "welding scene" or "welding light" might be but certainly an Arduino (Nanos are most suitable) can generate an excellent simulation of welding in miniature, with the right code.
We have some operating ones on the RCT&HS modular layout, you can see them in this video. Not sure who makes the signals, the lights are LEDs so standard LED wiring rules apply - droppign resistors based on the voltage output of the controller. Yes they are a little crooked from the modules being transported, didn't notice it until after I shot the video.
The hanging light across the street is a single-face unit. The slightly out-of-focus model in the right foreground is two-sided, with the lights facing 180 degrees from each other. They also make a 4-sided hanging unit. The single-faced hanging unit in the picture does not come with the poles. I made those from coffee stirrers, washers and nail heads for the top.
These two units each have 4 wires - common, red, yellow and green. I would assume that the 4-sided model would have 7 wires, but I don't have one of those. The 4-sided one has a very modern-looking pole, which wouldn't fit my layout at all.
I tried using an inexpensive traffic light driving circuit from BakaTronics. The circuit was fine, but it would not drive the Walthers lights. The BakaTronics circuit is common-cathode, while the Walthers lights are common-anode. I ended up buying the Walthers controller, which works fine. In the instructions, it says it will drive 2 intersections, which I assume means 8 faces total. I've got 6 faces on it now, and it works fine. The Walthers controller does not include a power supply, and it needs something odd, like 18 volts. Ah, the virtues of 60-year-old Lionel transformers...
The controller and some of the traffic light models are on sale at Walthers right now. I get the flyer every month, and these all go on sale periodically, so if you can wait them out you will eventually get them on sale.
I have several street intersections on my ho scale layout that need traffic signals. I am using an allen bradley plc 5-30 computer to control all of my interior and exterior ligthing, so I don't need the traffic signal controller for the traffic lights. My question is, where can I find a realistic looking signal, and do these signals have seperate wiring for each lamp that can be wired into my computer. The last question is, what is the voltage of these lights.
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Background: Biomechanical studies have shown that translation of the proximal radius relative to the capitellum in the sagittal plane can predict integrity of the collateral ligaments in a transolecranon fracture model; no studies have examined this in clinical practice.
Methods and materials: Nineteen consecutive transolecranon fracture dislocations were retrospectively reviewed. Data collection included patient demographics, fracture classifications, surgical management, and failure with instability. Distance between the center of the radial head and the center of the capitellum was measured on initial radiographs by 2 independent raters on 3 separate occasions. Statistical analysis was used to compare the median displacement between patients who required collateral ligament repair for stability and those who did not.
Discussion: Where displacement on initial radiographs exceeded 10 mm, lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) repair was required in all cases (red group). If less than 5 mm, ligament repair was not required in any case (green group). Between 5 and 10 mm, following fracture fixation, the elbow must be screened carefully to assess for any instability and a low threshold set for LUCL repair to prevent posterolateral rotatory instability (amber group). Using these findings, we propose a traffic light model to predict the need for collateral ligament repair in transolecranon fractures and dislocation.
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Traffic light optimization is known to be a cost-effective method for reducing congestion and energy consumption in urban areas without changing physical road infrastructure. However, due to the high installation and maintenance costs of vehicle detectors, most intersections are controlled by fixed-time traffic signals that are not regularly optimized. To alleviate traffic congestion at intersections, we present a large-scale traffic signal re-timing system that uses a small percentage of vehicle trajectories as the only input without reliance on any detectors. We develop the probabilistic time-space diagram, which establishes the connection between a stochastic point-queue model and vehicle trajectories under the proposed Newellian coordinates. This model enables us to reconstruct the recurrent spatial-temporal traffic state by aggregating sufficient historical data. Optimization algorithms are then developed to update traffic signal parameters for intersections with optimality gaps. A real-world citywide test of the system was conducted in Birmingham, Michigan, and demonstrated that it decreased the delay and number of stops at signalized intersections by up to 20% and 30%, respectively. This system provides a scalable, sustainable, and efficient solution to traffic light optimization and can potentially be applied to every fixed-time signalized intersection in the world.
In recent years, vehicle trajectory data has become increasingly available from various connected vehicle services such as en-route navigation, roadside assistance, and ride-hailing services. Monitoring traffic through vehicle trajectory data offers many advantages over fixed-location detectors and sensors10,11,12. It has a much larger coverage area than detector data because it is available at almost every intersection, especially those with higher traffic volumes (Fig. 1a, Supplementary Movie 1). While detector data can only provide traffic counts and estimated speeds at certain locations, vehicle trajectory data spans the entire spatial-temporal space and provides more enriched information such as delay, number of stops, and travel path (Fig. 1b). This presents an unprecedented opportunity for traffic signal optimization that can reduce traffic congestion without additional sensor instrumentation on physical road infrastructure. 152ee80cbc
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