We have rigorously thought over the matter and have realized that no one knows it better than those who have prepared and cracked it. The other set of people are coaching institutes. They have been working over the years to master the field of UGC-NET Commerce. We have come up with a product named ToppersNotes for UGC-NET Commerce for Paper 2, which is a perfect amalgamation of experience and hard work of both UGC-NET Commerce Rankers and the coaching institutes. These notes are carefully compiled to give you a short and concise theory on the topics which you need to learn and where you need to focus upon. ToppersNotes will surely get you started and give you the best direction for your UGC-NET Commerce preparations.

The notes will do wonder about your preparation if you also do the following things. You need to go through ToppersNotes thoroughly and practice current affairs from ToppersNotes Current Affairs APP. Current Affairs APP keeps you updated about current affairs on a regular basis, as a lot of questions are directly asked from current events.


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UGC-NET Commerce ToppersNotes is the result of the efforts of toppers and the expert content team. Notes contain study material in a very short and concise form and cover the facts and figures which are required for the exam. UGC-NET Commerce Paper 2 Notes can serve as a good source of study material for those who are preparing from home and not attending any coaching Institute.

Class 12th Commerce subjects of board exam are very important subjects and it needs a lot of hard work, knowledge, and skill set to score well. We, at Toppersnotes, understand the need of having the right knowledge of class 12th board exams.

We have thought over the matter and have realized that no one knows it better than those who have prepared. The other set of people are coaching institutes. They have been working over the years to master the field of education. We have come up with a product named Toppersnotes for class 12th board exams. Which is a perfect fusion of experience and hard work of both top Rankers and the coaching institutes. These notes are carefully compiled with good handwriting to give you short and concise theory on the topics which you need to learn and where you need to focus upon. Toppersnotes will surely give you the best direction for your board exam preparations.

The notes will do wonder to your preparation if you also do following things. You will need to go through NCERT books which are a good source of vast knowledge and an important part of our education system.

E-Commerce or Electronic Commerce means buying and selling of goods, products, or services over the internet. E-commerce is also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce. These services provided online over the internet network. Transaction of money, funds, and data are also considered as E-commerce. These business transactions can be done in four ways: Business to Business (B2B), Business to Customer (B2C), Customer to Customer (C2C), Customer to Business (C2B). The standard definition of E-commerce is a commercial transaction which is happened over the internet. Online stores like Amazon, Flipkart, Shopify, Myntra, Ebay, Quikr, Olx are examples of E-commerce websites. By 2020, global retail e-commerce can reach up to $27 Trillion. Let us learn in detail about what is the advantages and disadvantages of E-commerce and its types.

E-commerce is a popular term for electronic commerce or even internet commerce. The name is self-explanatory, it is the meeting of buyers and sellers on the internet. This involves the transaction of goods and services, the transfer of funds and the exchange of data.

So when you log into your Amazon and purchase a book, this is a classic example of an e-commerce transaction. Here you interact with the seller (Amazon), exchange data in form of pictures, text, address for delivery etc. and then you make the payment.

As of now, e-commerce is one of the fastest growing industries in the global economy. As per one estimate, it grows nearly 23% every year. And it is projected to be a $27 trillion industry by the end of this decade.

Electronic commerce can be classified into four main categories. The basis for this simple classification is the parties that are involved in the transactions. So the four basic electronic commerce models are as follows,

Ans: This is True. E-commerce means the sellers have to give the consumer all the product details. This information reveal can make the company vulnerable with its competitors, who can use this information to their advantage.

 Any other things that you wish to elaborate on above table: Laptop was used for making online notes on evernote as well as to make summaries of daily current affairs from InsightsonIndia.com. 

Googled Key features of Indian society and made notes in about 250 words.role of women, poverty etc.Vision IAS mains 365 on Society+Economy.globalization on Indian societyDid not prepare separately.communalism, regionalism, secularismDefinitions of each from Websites of International Institutions.

Just went through Vision IAS toppers answer copies and read 40-45 case studies to understand the approach and structure In ethics, Most of the serious candidates (both topper and non-toppers) have received marks in similar ranges. What are your observations and tips for future aspirants regarding preparation of this paper? 

Q4. Please narrate your entire interview- what questions did they ask and what did you reply and other pleasant or uncomfortable experiences during the interview. (Earlier some toppers only tell me their question but not their answer. I would appreciate if you give both Question + your original answers]

 Although Political science and sociology are both humanities subjects, yet depending on exam year, one of this subject gets more favorable scaling-treatment than the other, consequently some candidates are denied even interview calls, despite having good marks in GS and Essay parallel to toppers. So, optional subjects should be removed altogether. The present scenario is helping no-one, except coaching-owners, book publishers. 

If not, analyze where you have been going wrong. If GS is holding you back, seek professional guidance. You may also need to update your notes and add new things to your preparation(RSTV is a good starting point)

My journey from an ordinary 21-year-old boy to a civil servant would not have been possible without the support of my girlfriend- Kanika. Kanika taught me Science and Biotechnology personally. She also took the pain of teaching me conceptual portions of Environment and Ecology. Not just this, she stood behind me like a rock, shielding me from all the negativity around me during the preparation phase. When I fell ill she went to the hospitals with me, teaching me in the wards of government hospitals so that some of my time is saved. She must have read at least 10 toppers essays and 30 case studies so that she is in an informed position to give me feedback on my answers and essays.

It is not possible to cover every question from environment and run after more number of books. I think many questions can be covered by reading newspaper like The Hindu daily and preparing notes relating to environment. Book on Environment from Shankar IAS academy is a good read.

Since Commerce syllabus is a bit lengthy, a gap of one day after GS Papers is not enough to revise and have a look at entire syllabus. So it is important to completely revise the syllabus at least twice before the exam and prepare notes in short to refer them the day before the exam.

Q4. Please narrate your entire interview- what questions did they ask and what did you reply and other pleasant or uncomfortable experiences during the interview. (Earlier some toppers only tell me their question but not their answer. I would appreciate if you give both Question + your original answers)

India has recently implemented a new draft policy to regulate its rapidly growing e-commerce sector. These fresh e-commerce rules aim at safeguarding domestic firms and could potentially alter how foreign companies operate in the country.

This subject is significant for the UPSC Mains exam. These UPSC notes on India's new e-commerce rules are in line with the UPSC Syllabus and are recommended for preparation for General Studies Paper III.

Marketplaces are meant for genuine, independent sellers, many of whom are MSMEs (Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises). These changes will enable a level playing field for all sellers, helping them leverage the reach of e-commerce. The Government should also consider establishing a regulatory authority to monitor any violation of e-commerce rules. The government should also introduce an e-commerce policy soon to ensure that small vendors get ample opportunities to participate in online business.

E-Commerce is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services including digital products over digital and electronic networks. Electronic commerce (E-commerce) draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.

It means a company that is incorporated under the Companies Act,1956 or the Indian Companies Act 2013 or a foreign company covered under the Companies Act 2013 or an office, branch or agency in India as provided in FEMA 1999, owned or controlled by a person resident outside India and conducting the e-commerce business.

As in 2019, India has an internet user base of about 40% of the total Indian population, especially with regard to e-commerce. E-commerce in India has been budding since 2009 and many major e-commerce companies have grown their businesses in India.

Ans. The E-commerce companies create websites and applications where all the available products and goods are uploaded. A consumer can scroll through the products, choose the ones they like, add their delivery address and contact details and pay through online or COD mode for the products. 2351a5e196

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