Forceps

Extraction forceps are used along with elevators to extract teeth. Each extraction forcep is designed for a particular area of the mouth. The beaks are designed to fit around the cervical portion of the tooth. Pointed beaks are designed to grip the furcation area.

EXTRACTION FORCEPS PARTS

Beak

• The beaks of extraction forceps are designed to fit around the curve of the tooth’s crown

• Universal forceps have a beak that can be used in any quadrant of the mouth

• Forceps designed for multi-rooted teeth have beaks with a point that is adapted to grip the tooth furcation

• Forceps designed for single-rooted teeth usually have smooth beaks

• For maxillary molars, the point of the beak should grip the furcation on the buccal side (‘beak to cheek’)

Hinge

• Extraction forceps have hinges (screw or pin type) allowing the beak and handle to be opened and grasped

• Care must be taken with hinges to prevent damage during sterilisation (see manufacturer’s instructions)

Handle

• A serrated handle allows the operator to have a better grip

• A palm grasp is used with the handle of extraction forceps

• A curve on the end of the handle may be present for the little finger, to provide more stability and leverage

• Handles of maxillary forceps are often curved upwards, with the beak in line with the handle

• Mandibular forceps tend to have a straight handle with the beak at a 90° angle to the handle

Dental extraction forceps come in many different designs which in turn dictate their different roles in teeth extraction.

Upper Anterior Forceps

Designed to extract teeth that are located in the upper anterior region, maxillary anterior forceps feature beaks that have no spaces between them. They also have relatively narrow beaks which are conical in order to adhere to the shape of the upper anterior teeth. Many dentists also use them to extract retained roots of anterior teeth.

Upper Canine Forceps

These forceps feature very heavy beaks and also have limited space from one beak to another. They are very effective in the extraction of maxillary canines as they are straight-shaped. Some dentists also use them to extract central incisors. They work effectively to remove teeth located in the left and right quadrants of the mouth.

Upper Molar Forceps

These feature a curved handle and a buccal beak with a projection; the other beak, called the palatal beak, is smooth. The way these forceps work is that the projection is designed to engage the furcation in the upper molar roots. This forceps is available in right and left variants.

Lower Anterior Forceps

These are used for the extraction of a lower anterior tooth. They feature beaks which are perpendicular to the long axis of the handle. Like the upper anterior forceps, they have no spaces between the beaks. There are variants for canine teeth which are heavier and have wider beaks in order to cope with the longer roots on canine teeth.

Lower Molar Forceps

Given the fact that lower molars tend to be larger, this variant of forceps features wide beaks, both with projections. Modern designs tend to feature a curved handle making them easier to grip. A variant of these forceps have thin beaks, often referred to as 'cow-honrs' for obvious reasons. The thin projections make it easier to extract molars by enhancing the instrument’s grip in the furcation.

Root Extraction Forceps

These are special kinds of forceps that are used for the extraction of atraumatic roots. Given that these forceps have to reach into the socket in order to remove the remaining roots, root extraction forceps feature long narrow beaks.

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