Parametric time series model identification requires uniformly sampled time-domain data, except for the ARX model, which can handle frequency-domain signals. Spectral analysis algorithms support time-domain and frequency-domain data. Your data can have one or more output channels and must have no input channel. For more information on time series models, see What Are Time Series Models?
Here, we present a custom plugin for the imaging analysis software, Fiji/ImageJ (NIH), for use in studies of LBBM. The plugin is a manual-auto hybrid that employs image thresholding techniques and automatic quantification to drastically increase analysis speed. The plugin is supervised by the user via a graphical user interface consisting of a series of dialog boxes and takes advantage of the ease of identifying blebs by eye. It offers a solution that can be used for even the noisiest imaging time courses, as it allows for manual tracing of the cell outline. This allows for consistent and highly reproducible analysis of time course images. As validation, we used this plugin to compare the effects of different live cell markers of F-actin on cell behavior. We report that a subset of these markers can significantly impede confined (leader bleb-based) migration. Moreover, a subset of these markers led to a decrease in cell compressibility. Thus, we provide a valuable new resource for the rapid analysis of LBBM.
LEICA LCS software stores data in "Experiments". Such an Experiment can contain not only one scan, but several stacks, time series etc. Lets suggest you recorded two stacks with three channels each (series1, series2, series3) . When you store such an experiment, you store this whole experiment giving it a name (e.g. "fancy".)
Abstract:Recently, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has released a new dataset, called Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD), which is designed specifically for facilitating time series analysis. In this study, we evaluated the temporal consistency of this new dataset and recommended several processing streamlines for improving data consistency. Specifically, we examined the impacts of data resampling, cloud/cloud shadow detection, Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) correction, and topographic correction on the temporal consistency of the Landsat Time Series (LTS). We have four major observations. First, single-resampled data (ARD) are generally more consistent than double-resampled data (re-projected Collection 1 data), but the difference is very minor. Second, the improved cloud and cloud shadow detection approach (e.g., Fmask 4.0 vs. 3.3) moderately increased data consistency. Third, BRDF correction contributed the most in making LTS consistent. Finally, we corrected the topographic effects by using several widely used algorithms, including Sun-Canopy-Sensor (SCS), a semiempirical SCS (SCS+C), and Illumination Correction (IC) algorithms, however they were found to have very limited or even negative impacts on the consistency of LTS. Therefore, we recommend using Landsat ARD with the improved cloud and cloud shadow detection approach (Fmask 4.0), and with BRDF correction for routine time series analysis.Keywords: Landsat time series; Analysis Ready Data; cloud and cloud shadow detection; BRDF correction; topographic correction; resampled data
The dynamics of early fungal development and its interference with physiological signals and environmental factors is yet poorly understood. Especially computational analysis tools for the evaluation of the process of early spore germination and germ tube formation are still lacking. For the time-resolved analysis of conidia germination of the filamentous ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi we developed a straightforward toolbox implemented in ImageJ. It allows for processing of microscopic acquisitions (movies) of conidial germination starting with drift correction and data reduction prior to germling analysis. From the image time series germling related region of interests (ROIs) are extracted, which are analysed for their area, circularity, and timing. ROIs originating from germlings crossing other hyphae or the image boundaries are omitted during analysis. Each conidium/hypha is identified and related to its origin, thus allowing subsequent categorization. The efficiency of HyphaTracker was proofed and the accuracy was tested on simulated germlings at different signal-to-noise ratios. Bright-field microscopic images of conidial germination of rhodopsin-deficient F. fujikuroi mutants and their respective control strains were analysed with HyphaTracker. Consistent with our observation in earlier studies the CarO deficient mutant germinated earlier and grew faster than other, CarO expressing strains.
Schematic representation of software-assisted image analysis by the HyphaTracker algorithm (Flowchart). The image time series is recorded in 16-bit resolution in TIF format. Five independent features are available in HyphaTracker for consecutive image processing/analysis: 1. Stack reduction, 2. Drift correction, 3. Binary image generation 4. ROI generation, and 5. GermlingID generation with conidia analysis. The filtered data sorted according to the detected conidia are summarized in a txt-file and optionally as a filtered binary image. For detailed explanation please consult Methods and Supplementary Information.
Test for accuracy of the HyphaTracker toolbox on fungal growth simulation. Hyphae were described as two-dimensional worm-like-chains with fixed persistence length and a variable contour length to resemble experimental observations as close as possible. Simulated image series exhibiting different SNRs as indicated were analysed by the HyphaTracker. The time resolved area data were fit using a lag-exponential growth model52 and the parameters obtained were compared with ground truth (GT). (a) Lag-time. (b) Rate constant. (c) Initial-area (offset). Note, that the accuracy of HyphaTracker decreased with lower SNRs as indicated by increasing standard deviations (a,b) and, in comparison to ground truth data, underestimated initial areas (c).
HyphaTracker is conveniently controlled by GUI and enables fast automated data analysis of many germlings in parallel according to customized settings. HyphaTracker provides a filtered output of the temporal area increase of multiple single conidia from the same batch. Beyond that, the filtered binary output provides the fundament for further detailed customized analysis of the time series. By that, the HyphaTracker output might also help to reduce erroneous detection by other previously described tools. For example the resulting binarised time series, filtered by the HyphaTracker might be further analysed by the ImageJ plugin AnalyzeSkeleton49 to detect temporal branching events in the developing fungus and to estimate the actual length of the filtered germlings. In general, such further analytical steps could be easily integrated into the source code of HyphaTracker.
This feature was important, as in the germling analysis ROIs in the first and last frame must correspond to each other and thus the lateral position of the conidium is essential for the determination of the germling ID and exclusion of crossing events. To perform the drift correction an immobile reference point was needed as fiducial marker. We used non-germinated spores or cell debris, immobilized on the glass surface as a reference for the drift correction. The suitability of the particle for drift correction could be justified by the coordinate trajectory. It was required to crop a new section from the corrected time series which was used for further analysis.
Finally, a text-file was outputted stating area, temporal information (number of frame), and ID along with additional geometrical information of all ROIs. These data were then further analysed using OriginPro2016G (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, USA) or Mathematica (Wolfram Inc., Version 11.1). Furthermore, a filtered TIF-file was outputted as binary time series that displayed the growth of each germling.
Split-CAT spot assay reporting Rpn10 ubiquitylation and Rpn10:Ub non-covalent binding on selective agar media supplemented with 12 μg/mL CAM. (A) Representative scan at 24 h post seeding. (B) Relative growth curves acquired with the time series analyzer V3 plugin. Quantification of the scans during 36 h represented in A, with standard deviation (n=3). (C) Relative cumulative growth of the curves in B. Single values of the integrals (area under curves) shown in B, presented as a bar-plot with standard deviation (n=3). (D) The E1 inhibitor PYR-41 (50 μM), arrests Rpn10 ubiquitylation dependent growth in liquid medium (24 μg/mL CAM).
In our semiconductor data set, the wafers all to have a value attached to them called the Wafer ID. These IDs are ordered chronologically. In the 3D scatterplot above, we can use the z-axis (up) as moving forward in time. So, if the wafers (or images) are the "time" variable, what does that leave for us to consider the "function?" The answer is the die or pixels. If we consider the (x,y) coordinate of each die or pixel as an ID of sorts, we can create a unique identifier that we can use as the function ID. Using that logic, we can plot the average response for different families of functions (die) and look at the average number of defects over a series of wafers (the "time" domain). We can see that the edge has a much larger problem with defects than the center of the wafer (to which every semiconductor engineer goes, "Yup, now tell me something I don't know.").
If NumMA = 0, then autocorr assumes that the input time series is a Gaussian white noise process with a standard error of approximately 1/T, where T is the effective sample size of the input time series.
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