Existing Hydropower Asset (EHA) Annual Gross Generation is a geospatial point-level dataset containing annual gross generation over time and key characteristics of operational U.S. pumped storage and hybrid plants with 1 megawatt or greater of nameplate capacity. EIA 923 and EHA are the primary sources of the derived data. Conventional hydropower plants excluded.
Existing Hydropower Asset (EHA) Monthly Gross Generation is a geospatial point-level dataset containing monthly gross generation over time and key characteristics of operational U.S. pumped storage and hybrid plants with 1 megawatt or greater of nameplate capacity. EIA 923 and EHA are the primary sources of the derived data. Conventional hydropower plants excluded.
With this in mind, India has announced plans to create a digital database of its traditional knowledge. This will be included in the patent classification system of the Geneva-based World Intellectual Property Organization (see Nature 401, 413; 1999).
This database contains data collected by Dr. Francis C. Evans of the University of Michigan during a 50-year (1948-1997) study of successional changes in a 7.7 ha abandoned field at the Edwin S. George Reserve, Livingston County, Michigan. For descriptions of the field, called Evans Old Field, and its flora and fauna, consult papers by Evans (1975, 1986).
The area surveyed was on a grid 180 yds by 320 yds. Trips to the area were made at intervals over the flowering season. On each trip, the phenological state of plants, particularly those in flower, was noted. In addition, locations of plants on the grid were noted. Abundances, based on visual assessments, were also sometimes noted. Over the course of each year, a list of plant species present was made. In addition, plant abundances were quantified in four surveys made approximately 10 years apart. Dates and the number of 1-sq.-yd. quadrats surveyed are listed below:
The computer database contains phenological and presence/absence data for the old field plants. In addition results from the 4 plant surveys is included. Some information contained in the field notes is not included in the computer database. Data on fungi, lichens, and bryophytes are not included. Plant species which appeared for a short time period and which were consequently not positively identified are excluded. Species which were not on the grid are excluded as well. Information about the location of plants on the field is not included. Finally, information about the abundance of species is generally not included, except early in the plant's history on the field or when the plant is rare on the field. For more information about abundances, etc., the field notes themselves should be consulted. These are housed in the Museums of Zoology, University of Michigan.
Because the field is undergoing succession, some areas at the edge of the grid have become the edges of woodlands. Therefore some species atypical of mid-successional fields appear in the database (e.g., Anemonella thalictroides, Hepatica americana, Viola sororia).
Following is a brief description of the information included in each category of the computer database (called `evansplts'). A second, smaller, database (called evanspltslist) consists of a list of species and their origins, growth forms, and life histories. Both of these databases are available either as Excel (version 5.0 Mac or 7.0 Win95) or as Filemaker Pro (version 3.0, Mac or Win) files.
Buds and Buds-Notes: An `X' indicates that buds of the species were noted on that date. Notes regarding flower buds can be used to narrow flowering dates. However, a blank cell should not be taken to mean that there were not buds. For example, once plants began flowering, the presence of buds was generally not noted.
Flowering (Fl.): Whenever any flowers were noted, the plant is categorized as in flower, indicated by an `X.' Flowering in the Poaceae and Cyperaceae can be difficult to ascertain without close examination, and therefore dates should be taken as approximate.
Fruit and Fruit-Notes: Plants with mature fruit are indicated by an `X.' Maturity status, when noted, is included in Fruit-Notes. If fruits were noted as `immature,' then the plant is not categorized as fruiting. If the maturity status of fruits was not noted in the field notes, then the plant was assumed to have mature fruit.
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