Thunder is the sound caused by a nearby flash of lightning and can be heard for a distance of only about 10 miles from the lightning strike. The sound of thunder should serve as a warning to anyone outside that they are within striking distance of the storm and need to get to a safe place immediately!
Thunder is created when lightning passes through the air. The lightning discharge heats the air rapidly and causes it to expand. The temperature of the air in the lightning channel may reach as high as 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit, 5 times hotter than the surface of the sun. Immediately after the flash, the air cools and contracts quickly. This rapid expansion and contraction creates the sound wave that we hear as thunder.
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Although a lightning discharge usually strikes just one spot on the ground, it travels many miles through the air. When you listen to thunder, you'll first hear the thunder created by that portion of the lightning channel that is nearest you. As you continue to listen, you'll hear the sound created from the portions of the channel farther and farther away. Typically, a sharp crack or click will indicate that the lightning channel passed nearby. If the thunder sounds more like a rumble, the lightning was at least several miles away. The loud boom that you sometimes hear is created by the main lightning channel as it reaches the ground.
Since you see lightning immediately and it takes the sound of thunder about 5 seconds to travel a mile, you can calculate the distance between you and the lightning. If you count the number of seconds between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder, and then divide by 5, you'll get the distance in miles to the lightning: 5 seconds = 1 mile, 15 seconds = 3 miles, 0 seconds = very close.
Keep in mind that you should be in a safe place while counting. Remember, if you can hear thunder, chances are that you're within striking distance of the storm. You don't want to get struck by the next flash of lightning.
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If you check the sound settings (maybe set all sliders to a high value, to be 100% sure) and set manual weather to heavy thunderstorms and you see lightning all around and still don't hear the thunder sounds, it probably is a bug.
I'm looking at a lightning and thunder effect in an opera. As per usual in opera sound cues don't form a great part of the set up; the singers are meant to make most of the sounds themselves. Getting a mac and Qlab pro and MSC / OSC for two thunderclaps seems over the top - but clearly they need to link in to the LX cues in ION. Is there any other way to simply link two sound cues to the LX cues in ION?
By counting the seconds between the time you see a flash to the time you hear thunder, you can figure out how far away the lightning struck. Sound travels one-fifth of a mile per second, so dividing the seconds by five will tell you how many miles away the storm is!
Other planets also have lightning, including Jupiter and Saturn. Scientist have seen bright flashes on Mars which they believe might be lightning too. Do you think Martians hide under their beds? Do Martians even have beds?
Where there is lightning there will be thunder, and where there is thunder there will be lightning. The reason: thunder is the sound of the shockwave that lightning produces as it heats up the air to 30,000C in less than one second. This is five times the temperature on the surface of the sun! The air surrounding the lightning channel or pathway expands explosively and creates a shockwave which produces the sound waves of thunder.
Have you ever wondered why the rumble of thunder can sound differently from one lightning strike to another? Depending on atmospheric conditions, you can hear thunder from as far away as 20 km, or as close as 8 km. How thunder sounds depends on a number of factors: the distance between you and the lightning strike, the temperature of the air, the amount of cloud and water in the air, as well as where the lightning channel is in relation to where you are situated.
Light travels at 300,000 km/second, whereas sound travels at 0.3 km/sec. This is why you can see the flash of lightning sooner than you hear the rumble of thunder that the initial lightning strike produces. As the distance to the lightning strike increases, the pitch of the thunder lowers. This is because the higher frequencies are selectively absorbed. This is just like when there is music playing in another room, you can hear the bass notes but not the high notes.
Sound waves are affected by the air temperature: they move faster in hot air and slower in cold air. They also bend or refract toward areas of lower temperatures similar to how light bends when it moves from air through water. Since the atmosphere usually cools with height, sound waves or thunder tend to deflect upwards. Typically this means if you are on the ground, more than 20 km away from a lightning strike, you will not be able to hear it. See figure A.
There are also differences over water because of the higher humidity near the surface of the water. The bending of the sound waves is enhanced because of the higher humidity so more of the sound waves are blocked. This means the storms have to be closer to you for you to hear the thunder. Lightning could be as close as 8 km away before you actually hear it which would place you within striking distance of being hit by lightning.
The sound of thunder will also sound different depending on whether the channel of lightning is associated with cloud to cloud lightning overhead (parallel) or cloud to ground lightning to the side of you (perpendicular).
But what happens if there are a number of strikes at once? In this case, sound waves from each part of the strike will reach you at different times and so you may hear a combination of claps and rumbles.
As noted above, light travels at 300,000 km/second, whereas sound travels at 0.3 km/second. Keeping this in mind, once you have transported yourself to a safe location, either in a house or car, you can calculate the distance of the lightning strike. After the flash of lightning, begin counting off the seconds until the thunder is heard. Divide the seconds by three to arrive at the distance in kilometres.
Listening to what thunder sounds like from various distances can be a fun experiment! Just remember that no matter how far away you see lightning, if you hear thunder, you are within striking distance of being hit. Find shelter immediately, either in a house or a car, and stay there for 30 minutes after the last rumble of thunder is heard before resuming your activities. But remember that every thunderstorm has a very first lightning strike that will come without any warning and could occur in your immediate vicinity. So even before thunder roars, you need to keep an eye on the sky.
A few months ago, I witnessed something off the coast of Florida that I have never seen in my life. From my apartment, from about 10PM - 12AM, I saw pretty much continuous cloud to cloud lightning. I don't really remember how many strikes a second it was, or if it was once every couple seconds, but there was never a time when there was not one or more lightning strikes in the air. I had a video but unfortunately the file is corrupted.
The English translation is: "sheet lightning - heat lightning - summer lightning". I am not sure if this covers the meaning we have for it in Norwegian; it is said that Thor, the god of thunder, swung his hammer over the fields to get the grain ready for harvest.
This type of lightning happens high up in the atmosphere so one needs good viewing conditions to be able to see it. I do not think it is rare in itself; what is rare is the the atmospheric conditions that allow us to see it.
Im trying to make a thunder and lightning simulation that combines, sound and a 12v led strip. The problem is that while sound seems to be working fine when the led strip isnt connected, when i connect the led strip, the whole thing stops working (sometimes the l light on the nano board stays on). If i disconnect the leds and i reset it, it goes on as it should (as long as the led strip is disconnected). If i connect a piece of led strip (5cm), it seems to work fine. How can i use a larger strip?
I'm guessing your LED strip is drawing too much power from you supply and that's browning out your arduino and causing some issues. How much current can your power supply give and are your LED's on full? If you hook it up to a different supply that would tell you if that was the problem, just make sure to keep all the ground from each supply connected. Make sure that your LED strip isn't shorted by checking for continuity or checking the diodes with a multi-meter. some good videos on Youtube about that if you need them.
Hooking the led strip up to a different power supply like you suggested, seems to make it work ok, but i wonder how can it be a power supply problem when the main power supply is 5A which should be more than enough.The led strip is about 2 meters and they are go on and off ranging from low to full depending on the sound.
Is the power to the LED strip fed as shown in your photo? Through the entire length of the breadboard power strip? Those strips are not capable of carrying anything like 5A. Connect the LEDs directly to the PSU without going through the breadboard, this applies to both connections.
The clear blunder is not comprehending what the "Vin" or "RAW" terminal is. The regulator on the Arduino UNO/ Nano/ Pro Mini/ Mega2560/ Leonardo/ Pro Micro has very little heatsink, so will not pass very much current (depending on the input voltage and thus, how much voltage it has to drop) before it overheats and (hopefully reversibly) shuts down. It is essentially a novelty provided in the very beginning of the Arduino project when "9V" power packs were common and this was a practical way to power a lone Arduino board for initial demonstration purposes. And even then it was limited because an unloaded 9 V transformer-rectifier-capacitor supply would generally provide over 12 V which the regulator could barely handle. 152ee80cbc
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