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Most sub-Saharan African mobile owners are not using their phones to look up news and information. Only about one-third say they use their phone to look up information about politics (35%), health and medicine (32%) or consumer goods and prices (30%).
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IMFBlog is a forum for the views of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff and officials on pressing economic and policy issues of the day.The IMF, based in Washington D.C., is an organization of 190 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation and financial stability around the world.The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF and its Executive Board. Read More
Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rates of education exclusion of the six developing world regions. Over one-fifth of primary-age children are out of school, and almost 60 percent of youth between the ages of 15 and 17 are not in school. There are many barriers to education for low-income households. One of them is school fees, which unfortunately remain widespread in schools across Sub-Saharan Africa, causing financial stress to families. Digital financial services are one way to help families manage school fee payments so they can keep their children in school.
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Total global snake antivenom output by surveyed companies exceeded 4 million vials, although this equated to fewer than 600,000 effective treatments. This is well below the WHO's worldwide estimated requirement of at least 2 million treatments per year. Globally, twelve manufacturers reported having capacity to increase volume, which if realised could potentially double the current output.
In 2007 wholesale prices for individual antivenoms across the global range of products ranged from $8 to $1338. The cost of treatment based on manufacturer recommended doses was calculated to be between $40 and $24,000. However case reports indicate that the number of vials required to successfully treat severe envenoming with some products may exceed the recommended amount [36], [37], with associated wholesale costs of over $35,000 per treatment [38] and even higher retail costs. Total company income from worldwide antivenom sales amounted to more than $60 million, and only two groups had annual antivenom sales exceeding $10 million.
Background: The worldwide neglect of immunotherapeutic products for the treatment of snakebite has resulted in a critical paucity of effective, safe and affordable therapy in many Third World countries, particularly in Africa. Snakebite ranks high among the most neglected global health problems, with thousands of untreated victims dying or becoming permanently maimed in developing countries each year because of a lack of antivenom-a treatment that is widely available in most developed countries. This paper analyses the current status of antivenom production for sub-Saharan African countries and provides a snapshot of the global situation.
At the same time, between 2000 and 2020, Eastern Europe and Southern Asia achieved the greatest overall reduction in maternal mortality ratio (MMR): a decline of 70% (from an MMR of 38 to 11) and 67% (from an MMR of 408 down to 134), respectively. Despite its very high MMR in 2020, Sub-Saharan Africa also achieved a substantial reduction in MMR of 33% between 2000 and 2020. Four SDG sub-regions roughly halved their MMRs during this period: Eastern Africa, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, and Northern Africa and Western Europe reduced their MMR by around one third. Overall, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in least-developed countries* declined by just under 50%. In land locked developing countries the MMR decreased by 50% (from 729 to 368). In small island developing countries the MMR declined by 19% (from 254 to 206).
The high number of maternal deaths in some areas of the world reflects inequalities in access to quality health services and highlights the gap between rich and poor. The MMR in low-income countries in 2020 was 430 per 100 000 live births versus 12 per 100 000 live births in high income countries.
The 2014 UN report, World Urbanization Prospects, found that 90 percent of the global rural population still lives in the most underdeveloped parts of the world in Asia and Africa. Current estimates indicate that 3.4 billion people still live in rural areas. This number is believed to be at its peak, declining to 3.1 billion by 2050. In the next 30 years, urban dwellers will outweigh rural residents for the first time in Africa. This is already the case in some African countries; in Gabon, for example, urban residents represent 87 percent of the total population. In 2015, SSA included thousands of urban centers, of which two mega-cities had over 10 million inhabitants; three cities had between 5 and 10 million; and another 41 cities had populations between 1 and 5 million. SSA is experiencing an annual urban population growth rate of 4.1 percent, compared with a global rate of 2.0 percent. As seen in the figure below, there are already 14 countries on the continent with urban growth rates exceeding this.
A widespread belief of the development community is that a well-planned urban center is one that can anticipate and withstand natural disasters. Several years ago, inadequate urban planning was identified as a risk factor in the developing world. When rapid urbanization is poorly planned and occurs in the context of existing widespread poverty, developing countries increase their risk and deplete their resilience. Proper urban planning can be a valuable source of achieving sustainable economic growth. City planners can advise policymakers on balancing investments in services and infrastructure with growing demand and threats of exposure. They can offer a specialized assessment of smart land-use reforms based on density changes in a city-specific context. Under the duress of existing financial constraints, efforts to control the consequences of urbanization are often mismanaged, and rarely incorporate urban planning expertise. Their involvement, from the initial design of a project to the regulatory laws and maintenance procedures, is critical to withstanding urbanization risks. Further, there are very few institutions that support training in urban or city planning in the developing world, depleting future sources of expertise. Thus, capacity strengthening and training for local city planners is a critical tool.
Figure 3. Trends in incidence rates in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Cervical cancer rates in Uganda: 45.8 in 1998-2002; 54.3 in 2003-2007; 49.1 in 2008 -2012. Cervical cancer rates in Zimbabwe: 47.3 in 1998-2002; 86.7 in 2003-2007; 86.1 in 2008 -2012. Cervical cancer rates in South Africa: 22.1 in 1998-2002; 23.8 in 2003-2007; 30 in 2008 -2012. Female breast cancer rates in Uganda: 23.4 in 1998-2002; 32.9 in 2003-2007; 29.1 in 2008 -2012. Female breast cancer rates in Zimbabwe: 19 in 1998-2002; 33.9 in 2003-2007; 41.4 in 2008 -2012. Female breast cancer rates in South Africa: 7.6 in 1998-2002; 7.3 in 2003-2007; 12.7 in 2008 -2012. Prostate cancer rates in Uganda: 37.6 in 1998-2002; 42.5 in 2003-2007; 46.6 in 2008 -2012. Prostate cancer rates in Zimbabwe: 38.1 in 1998-2002; 42.5 in 2003-2007; 46.6 in 2008 -2012. Prostate cancer rates in South Africa: 4.1 in 1998-2002; 6.2 in 2003-2007; 10.3 in 2008 -2012. Kaposi sarcoma rates in Uganda: in 1998-2002; in 2003-2007; 24 in 2008 -2012. Kaposi sarcoma rates in Zimbabwe: in 1998-2002; in 2003-2007; 21.8 in 2008 -2012. Kaposi sarcoma rates in South Africa: 1.7 in 1998-2002; 3.2 in 2003-2007; 6 in 2008 -2012. Esophageal cancer rates in males in Uganda: 14.1 in 1998-2002; 15.6 in 2003-2007; 21.1 in 2008 -2012. Esophageal cancer rates in males in Zimbabwe: 15.1 in 1998-2002; 22.2 in 2003-2007; 15.5 in 2008 -2012. Esophageal cancer rates in males in South Africa: 32.2 in 1998-2002; 32 in 2003-2007; 24 in 2008 -2012. 9af72c28ce
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