think!Mathematics textbooks are published by Shing Lee Publishers Pte Ltd. SL Education is a leading publisher of educational books, interactive books, and digital platforms in Singapore and in more than 40 countries worldwide. Founded in 1935, they are dedicated to creating and publishing quality teaching and learning materials with global standards.

Think! Mathematics Grade 8 is a 4-book set composed of Textbooks A and B, and Workbooks A and B designed to provide the students valuable learning experiences and deeper appreciation of mathematics by engaging their minds and hearts. It covers the Singapore Ministry of Education Syllabus for Mathematics implemented from 2020, and reflects the important shifts towards the development of 21st century competencies. Underpinning the writing of this textbook is our beief that all students can learn and appreciate mathematics. This textbook will be a meaningful companion for students as they embark on an exciting journey in secondary school mathematics through collaborative and self-directed learning.


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Building Thinking Classrooms in Mathematics, Grades K-12 helps teachers implement 14 optimal practices for thinking that create an ideal setting for deep mathematics learning to occur.

think! Mathematics workbooks are specially designed to complement the textbooks as you acquire mathematical concepts and skills. This workbook complements the textbook for additional practice.


What it means to act and be mathematical is an important consideration for teachers. What do you want to pass on to your students? Is being numerate enough? Or are the fundamentals of mathematics and mathematical thinking more than simple arithmetic?

Five preservice teachers' perceived sources of teaching decisions were studied as the teachers proceeded through a course on methods of teaching secondary mathematics and through student reaching. They were interviewed before and after lessons they taught during the methods course and student teaching. The sources cited most often included rhe content of the methods course, school textbooks, suggestions made during teaching episodes in the methods course, past teachers' performances, and cooperating teachers' performances. Suggestions from cooperating teachers were cited more often than suggestions from rhe university supervisor. Limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.

Purpose: Since there are a limited number of studies on how to develop relational thinking in secondary school students in mathematics education literature, this study will contribute to the field both in theoretical terms and concerning the implications for in-class applications. In this respect, this study aims to examine how to develop the relational thinking skills of 5th-grade students. 

Research Methods: The participants of this study, which was adopted as a research design of the teaching experiment, were six students attending 5th grade in secondary school. The teaching process was eight sessions per week with one session. The main data source of this study was in-class teaching videos. The data were analyzed descriptively. 

Findings: The questions, the in-class dialogues directing relational thinking and activities in each session of the teaching experiment conducted with the fifth-grade students were presented under related themes. 

Implications for Research and Practice: The most general result was that at the end of the teaching process based on numbers, relationships between numbers, operations and properties, the students made use of equality axioms to evaluate the true/false and open number sentences without any calculation. It was also seen that the students made connections between addition-subtraction, addition-multiplication and multiplication-division and that they made effective use of commutative, associative and distributive properties.

One perspective I particularly enjoy is the constructivist one. It doesn't allow for the full range of objects present in classical mathematics but it grounds a great many of them with a nice computational interpretation. We can construct sets (or, things that are isomorphic to everything else that we would ever call a set) in a number of ways, such as physical data on a computer using something like the calculus of inductive constructions, by building them out of types. If you're interested in foundations of mathematics, I can strongly recommend trying to pick up some type theory -- you could have a look at how an automated theorem proving language like Leanprover or Coq operate and I think that line of inquiry might clear some things up for you (or raise additional, but more precise questions!).

For Jonathan Ode, mathematics is anintellectual activity; one that involves higher order thinkingprocesses rather than the routine application of procedures(JO-DIS-N-31). Doing mathematics means reasoning, communicating andproblem solving, and Jonathan's lessons are designed to promote theseactivities. In all but two (JO-LES-N-18, JO-LES-N-19) of the 20lessons I observed there was evidence of at least one of the NCTM'sfirst four standards: problem solving, communication, reasoning, andconnections. In most classes, students, in pairs or small groups,worked collaboratively on problems or mathematical investigations.While Jonathan played a strong leading role in five teacher centredlessons, he still managed to present reasoning as the core ofmathematics. Here in a highly Socratic fashion, concepts weredeveloped through the observation and generalization ofpatterns.

In Jonathan's conception of the discipline,reasoning and communicating one's thinking are central activities ofmathematics. His teaching strategies, as illustrated above and shownin the fifth lesson I observed, described below, are designed todevelop students' abilities in these areas.

I and other experienced mathematics teachershave found that senior, university-bound secondary school students,responding to the demands of high grades, often lose their interestin working to understand concepts and demand direct failsafe routesto correct answers. Jonathan's senior classes follow this trend, buthe is not about to abandon his goal of developing mathematicalreasoning.

Class starts with Mr. Ode posing thequestion, "Why do we go to school?" This initiates a series ofSocratic exchanges through which Mr. Ode develops the idea that weneed school graduates who can think and solve problems in general,not just repeat a set of fixed facts or procedures. Mr. Ode isobviously committed to this mission, developing the theme at anupbeat pace from his favourite teaching location, the middle of theclassroom. The students, while politely participating in thediscussion, seem to have less commitment and many appear content tolearn the rules and get their credit. A brief story, about Mr. Ode's"friend", a chemical engineer who struggled with design problemsuntil he realized that textbook solutions could not be applieddirectly to industrial processes, completes the lessonintroduction.

The class is divided into pairs and assignedfour textbook questions (JO-LES-D-03, Stewart, Davison, Hamilton,Laxton & Lenz, 1988, pp. 52-53). Mr. Ode outlines the approach tobe used. One member of the pair, the doer, will solve the problem,telling the listener what is being done and why at each step. Thelistener will encourage thinking aloud by constantly asking fordetailed explanations. After each question is completed thedoer-listener roles will switch.

Looking at the history of mathematics,Jonathan sees this human desire to summarize and extend observedpatterns as the driving force behind the development of the subject."I think most people need to have some sort of motivation for doingmathematics, so they probably would be involved in some kind of aprocess that would be experimental in nature and that would give themincentives to go beyond [the data]" (JO-INT-D-12b). Themathematics that we develop through observation of patterns allows usto move to a more conceptual level and extend our world.

The vice-principal, having received somephone calls, has talked to Jonathan. Yes, he has complete faith inJonathan's abilities to do the problems. His reputation as a strongmathematician ensures that. And yes, Jonathan is probably using anexcellent approach to get students to think and really understand,but please tone it down. Parents, students, and the public expectmathematics to be delivered as a set of rules.

The conceptual and experimental aspects ofmathematics are also highlighted in Jonathan's concept map for thesubject (AppendixE). Here, these labels along with"visual" appear in large arrows indicating the routes by whichmathematics grows. Jonathan reports that "I tried to make it [theconcept map] in terms of what I'm doing as a high schoolteacher." While the map pictures how an individual's mathematicalknowledge grows it also represents the historical development of thediscipline. "I think historically it happens in the same way that onemay think of the learning development process. You work your way upthrough the concrete into the conceptual level, so I think that it'snatural to do things in a concrete way first"(JO-INT-D-12b).

Jonathan's personal philosophy of mathematicsis strong enough to support curriculum planning that runs counter tothe sequence suggested by officially approved course textbooks. As weshall observe, he rejects a text's formal abstract approach and,implementing his view that mathematics is constructed inductively,helps his students develop a formula through sequences of concreteexamples.

As the class begins Mr. Ode explains thatthey will not be following the textbook exactly for this nextsection. "We could do it the way the text does, but in the long run Ithink that you will find it easier to do it this other way. We willcome back to the textbook examples later." A month has passed sincethe parental complaints incident, and Mr. Ode is moving back into hispreferred teaching style. Still he sees a need to justify deviatingfrom a "give the rule" approach. 006ab0faaa

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