Theological Wordbook Of The Old Testament

Unlike most other wordbooks, this resource organizes entries by concepts rather than Greek or Hebrew lemmas. Related words are grouped together, giving you easy access to the most relevant terms without needing to go back and forth throughout the volume.

Each entry starts with a concise definition of the given concept. A concept summary follows, briefly surveying the most important related words. Next, a theological overview explains the significance of the concept throughout Scripture. The entry then covers the lexical information, examining each word individually as it relates to the concept, including both Old and New Testament words.

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There are more than 1,400 articles written by 43 Old Testament scholars, plus some 400 sub-entries giving definitions only. The articles focus on theological meanings of importance and do not include lengthy, technical, linguistic discussions. Virtually exhaustive bibliographies of published material relating to the words discussed are also included, as is a special section of Aramaic words used in the Old Testament.

This extensive, scholarly work includes discussions of every Hebrew word of theological significance in the Old Testament, plus brief definitions of all other words found in Brown, Driver and Briggs Hebrew Lexicon. This book has been a longtime favorite of Bible students.

From Enhanced Strong's Lexicon you will note that it says for 121 "The same as 120". Both numbers reference TWOT 25a, but the TWOT entry only references Strong's 121. Basically, TWOT uses the one entry for both Adam (proper name) and man whereas Strong's recognises them as homonyms. TWOT is concerned about a theological study of words whereas Strong's is more concerned about usage.

Accessing the articles in the Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament (TDOT) is tricky if you don't know Hebrew. However, there are a few ways you can use to access this resource. Note that the TDOT does not contain every Hebrew word in the Old Testament, rather it only has a selection of theologically important words.

This extensive scholarly work includes discussions of every Hebrew word of theological significance in the Old Testament, plus brief definitions of all other words found in the Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) Hebrew Lexicon. Keyed to Strongs Concordance, the Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament has been a longtime favorite of serious students of the Biblepastors and laypeople alike. The busy pastor or earnest Christian worker who has neither the time nor the background for detailed technical study, yet desires to understand important terms, will enjoy this practical resource.

Words are indexed first by their root; the verbal root and derived words are discussed together. All the derivatives are also listed in proper alphabetical position with a convenient numerical cross reference to lead you to the verbal root where, if it is theologically important, a discussion of the meaning of the root and all its derivatives will be found.

In-depth explanations of Hebrew words of important theological significanceOne-line definitions of all other Hebrew words used in the Old Testament based on Brown, Driver and Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. It was decided not to include the Old Testament names, except for a few of special theological import, like Abraham, Jerusalem, etc.FREE BONUS! Includes King James Version text with Strong's numbers so you can readily access definitions where there is one available for that number.

"The busy pastor or earnest Christian worker who has neither the time nor background for detailed technical study should yet have a tool for the study of the significant theological words of the Hebrew Bible...therefore, about thirteen years ago, they [the editors and publisher, Moody Press] enlisted the help of some forty evangelical scholars who would write essay definitions of the important theological terms in the Old Testament that would be helpful to their brothers in the work of interpreting Scripture."

TWOT stands for Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament edited by R. Laird Harris, Gleason L. Archer, Jr., and Bruce K. Waltke. TWOT is a 2-volume set, dealing with the Hebrew/Aramaic words in the Old Testament that have a theological significance. It gives a short definition to every Old Testament word, but goes theologically in-depth on the words that would be necessary.

According to the introduction, "The contributors were asked to study their words from the viewpoint of biblical usage, etymological background, comparison with cognate languages, translations in the ancient versions, synonyms, antonyms, and theological significance" (Vol 1, iv). While the above was the focus of TWOT, not every major entry was able to include all of these.

Not every biblical word has a separate entry. However, the volume is carefully cross-referenced, linking together synonyms and related terms in a single entry. This helps the reader who is looking for terms within a semantic field or terms with theological connections to other words. As a result most of the entries are several pages in length. This gives readers significant content as well as biblical context for the topics.

There are more than 1,400 articles written by 43 Old Testament scholars, plus some 400 sub-entries giving definitions only. The articles focus on theological meanings and importance and do not include lengthy, technical linguistic discussions. Virtually exhaustive bibliographies of published material relating to the words discussed are also included, in addition to a special section of Aramaic words used in the Old Testament.

There are more than 1,400 articles written by 43 Old Testament scholars, plus some 400 sub-entries giving definitions only. The articles focus on theological meanings and importance and do not include lengthy, technical, linguistic discussions. Virtually exhaustive bibliographies of published material relating to the words discussed are also included, in addition to a special section of Aramaic words used in the Old Testament.

The Lexham Theological Wordbook uniquely blends together the benefits of lexicons and theological dictionaries while simultaneously showing how the meaning of Greek and Hebrew words informs biblical theology.

The major theological wordbooks are the following (listed also from p. _ of the handout Basic English-Bible Reference). One is accessible via Strong numbers, and one via G/K numbers. To find your way around in the two others (the Theological dictionary of the Old Testament, or TDOT, being the most important of them all) you may need a rudimentary familiarity with the Hebrew alphabet and language, but please don't hesitate to ask me for help. Here I order them from most to least recent:

Here I illustrate the use of the 2-vol. Theological wordbook of the Old Testament (TWOT, REF BS440 .T49). Start with the Strong > TWOT conversion chart located on pp. 1087-1124 of vol. 2, and then procede to the TWOT number (in this case 410a) in the main body of the work:

The lexica and theological wordbooks are (or in any case grow rapidly) out of date. To find scholarship on the Greek words you're interested in, and especially any scholarship published since a given lexicon or theological wordbook was composed, search by Greek word (whether in script or transliterated)

But beware of a common charge leveled against the series. Just because a word had a specific meaning in 500 B.C. does not mean this is how Paul uses the word in the New Testament. Use the histroical data with great care. Also beware of the theological bias of many of the writers; they were not generally evangelical

For the Hellenistic period, heralded by the conquests of Alexander the Great and consolidated under his successors, the use of Aramaic is hardly documented, but it continued initially without interruption at least in Egypt, Palestine (where Aramaic had sunk deep roots in the meanwhile), and Bactria after the fall of the Persian Empire. In Roman times, beginning with the first century B.C.E., independent local literary languages appear in Syria-Palestine, Arabia, and Mesopotamia that depend in varying degrees on the Achaemenid chancellery tradition: a Jewish Aramaic literary and administrative language (Hasmonean) in theological and documentary texts from Qumran and other sites around the Dead Sea; Nabatean in northern Arabia; Palmyrene and Edessene (Old Syriac) in Syria; and Hatrene in eastern Mesopotamia; plus a few scattered finds from other regions. They served mostly for public representation and administration in territorially limited Roman vassal kingdoms, and, at least in Palestine, also for a national religious literature. They distinguish themselves through varying combinations of the Imperial Aramaic tradition with the spoken Aramaic dialects that continued to develop in Aramaic-speaking areas (thus Syria-Palestine and Mesopotamia) beneath the surface of a uniform written language already during the Persian period; these were also subject in widely varying degrees to the influence of Greek. Because the Imperial Aramaic lingua franca was fading, regional peculiarities now also appear in textual witnesses to Aramaic. They surface in the post-Christian era as two clearly distinct strands of dialect, West Aramaic in Palestine and East Aramaic in Syria-Mesopotamia. Since the individual Aramaic literary languages attested roughly from the first century B.C.E. to the third century C.E. do not reflect the same stages of literary development, it is advisable to refrain from a uniform designation for this linguistic period (such as Middle Aramaic in the literature influenced by Anglophone scholarship).

Unfortunately, most of the best theological word dictionaries are only available in print. Toronto School of Theology students can send an email request to their local college library, asking for the entry on a particular Hebrew or Greek word to be scanned and sent to them. 17dc91bb1f