Looking specifically at Carpenter's points on political versus cultural representation through Winnemucca's experience as a surveilled body and translator while living in a form of ventriloquy. 

Quickly discussing rituals that reinforce political power, such as: using language in such a way that re-shapes ideological and systems of authority and bending into law with no space.

This section will discuss the role of language that reinforced and created mythology through attempts at translation. Also, the role of Winnemucca in reinserting physicality in what had been vaporous. 

In a chapter of Lost (And Gained) in Translation, Carpenter looks at these theorists debating ideas on the notion of agency through ventriloquy, or we are agents of the discourse that have "ventriloquized" us.