under the sea
under the sea
Edition 27
(5 September 2021)
How deep the sea is ?
Have you ever wondered how deep is sea ? The answer is very very very very ….. Deep. We need some superpower to go there! To know how exactly deep is sea let’s dive deeper Let’s explore the uncharted depths of mysterious water and answer a very deep question Let’s Dive in !
As we know, historically there are four ocean basins that include the Pacific , Atlantic , Indian and the Arctic Oceans . But in reality , these four oceans are just part of a single supergiant water body surrounding the Earth .This giant ocean covers almost 71 percent of the earth’s surface And you won’t believe , it also contains 98 percent of earths biosphere , which is the life supporting stratum of the Earth’s surface. This also means rest of the living organisms , including the trees , animals and even all of us live on only 1 percent of the biosphere which gives us the glimpse of oceans vastness but the vital question is just how deep is it.
Over the years scientists have ventured into the ocean depth. They have divided it into different parts starting from upper most layer called epipelagic zone - where there is enough sunlight (stretches between 0-640 feet). It is the home for endless species including the blue whale. They hunt at depths around 350 feet.
Now let’s dive deeper ! The sun light begins to fade and then comes the twilight zone (650 to 3300 feet). Below the surface of the ocean, scuba diving at this point is dangerous for humans, this is because the pressure is 27 times below it lies midnight zone (3300-13100 feet). This is a point where light doesn’t reach and is engulfed impenetrable darkness. To survive in such a low light environment, many species such as the jellies produce their own light (bioluminescence).Then comes the abyssal zone (13100 to 19700 feet) it is the pitch black bottom layer of the ocean, it gets its name abyssal from a Greek word meaning (no bottom) because they thought the ocean has no bottom The deepest zone of the ocean called the trench Zone It extends from (19700 to very bottom )At 36070 feet in the Mariana Trench at the coast of Japan. Over there the Temperature is constant at just above freezing and it has the deepest point known to human called the challenger deep. But despite the challenges the scientists were shocked to find a tiny singled cell organisms called foraminifera, a type of plankton living in the bottom. But as we know a significant part of this magical ocean is yet to be discovered.
Sinken In the Depths Of the Sea
Sinking of Lusitania
For a significant chunk of human history, the world’s leading powers concerned themselves with dominating the seas. As the saying went, “he who ruled the seas, ruled the world.” Naturally, this led to countless conflicts among nations across the centuries, and more than a few ships being laid to rest in watery graves. Some of these sunken ships have since been recovered — while others remain on the ocean floor.
The “Ghost Ship”
In the waters of Cayman Brac Island, 240 kilometers south of the Cuban Islands, at a depth of 11 to 28 meters, rests Frigate 356, a sunken ship-ghost splitted in two pieces. The ship was built in the Soviet Union in the early 80s, when the Cold War was coming to an end.
The frigate had been transferred to the Cuban navy while the USSR collapse. Then for 10 years, the ship had been docking as a scrap metal off the coast of Cuba. In the end, it was sold to the Cayman Islands, which deliberately scuttled Frigate 356 to attract divers.
RMS Carpathia
RMS Carpathia was a Cunard Line transatlantic passenger steamship built by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson in their shipyard in Wallsend, England.
The Carpathia made her maiden voyage in 1903 from Liverpool to Boston, and continued on this route before being transferred to Mediterranean service in 1904. In April 1912, she became famous for rescuing survivors of the rival White Star Line's RMS Titanic after the latter struck an iceberg and sank with a loss of 1,496 lives in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Carpathia navigated the ice fields to arrive two hours after the Titanic had sunk, and the crew rescued 705 survivors from the ship's lifeboats.
The Carpathia was sunk on 17 July 1918 after being torpedoed three times by the German submarine U-55 off the southern Irish coast with a loss of five crew members.
The name of the ship comes from the mountain range of the Carpathians.
Edition 25
(30 July 2021)
Black Gold Found In Sea
We all use petroleum in our day to day life but have you ever wondered how is petroleum formed and who discovered petroleum for the first time. Let’s find it out!!!
Coal, natural gas, and petroleum are all fossil fuels that formed under similar conditions. Formation Of Petroleum Petroleum began its story millions of years ago. Plants, algae and tiny sea creatures drifted in the oceans. These organisms eventually died. They sank to the bottom. Over time, they were buried under millions of tons of sand and rock. Then, the ancient seas dried up. Deep below these dry areas, the dead organisms were pressed between the millions of tons of rock and Earth's layers. Underground, the material faced extremely high heat. With pressure, the matter began to change into a new chemical called kerogen. With more heat, time and pressure, kerogen transformed into a mix of hydrogen and carbon. This mixture is called hydrocarbon. 1 Under the sea Gold found in water 27 July 2021 Petroleum is used to make gasoline, an important product in our everyday lives. It is also processed and part of thousands of different items, including tires, refrigerators, life jackets, and anesthetics. Petroleum is also referred as black gold Petroleum is found in underground pockets called reservoirs. Deep beneath the Earth, pressure is extremely high. Petroleum slowly seeps out toward the surface, where there is lower pressure. It continues this movement from high to low pressure until it encounters a layer of rock that is impermeable. The petroleum then collects in reservoirs, which can be several hundred meters below the surface of the Earth. Petroleum got its name from Medieval Latin petroleum (literally "rock oil"), which comes from Latin petra, "rock", The first oil had actually been discovered by the Chinese in 600 B.C. and transported in pipelines made from bamboo. However, Colonel Drake's heralded discovery of oil in Pennsylvania in 1859 and the Spindletop discovery in Texas in 1901 set the stage for the new oil economy.
Edition 23
(30 June 2021)
The Underwater City of Dwarka
The ancient Indian city of Dwarka is known in Hindu culture to have been the great and beautiful city of Krishna the Hindu writings say that when Krishna left the earth to join the spiritual world, the age of kali began and Dwarka and its inhabitants were submerged by the sea the stories of submersion can also conjure up images of a tsunami like the one that hit India in 2004.
The modern is today one of the seven sacred towns of Hinduism, visited each year , visited each year by pilgrims worshiping Krishna
The hunt for its submerged section began in the 1930s, and the first archaeological excavation took place in 1963.. During the following dig, led by an underwater archaeologist, several ancient artefacts were discovered, as well as the submerged ruins of the ancient Dwarka.
Archaeologists uncovered a fortified foundation on which the old city walls must have been constructed along the river banks between 1983 and 1990. Stone blocks, pillars, and irrigation systems were discovered, although the date of the remnants is still debated, with estimates ranging from 3000 to 1500 years BC to the Middle Ages.
Along with the size of the submerged part of the ancient city, numerous stone anchors have been discovered at the same depth, implying that Dwarka must have played a role in the trading relations between Indian and Arabic areas during the 15th to 18th centuries and must have been an important trade port in the past .The world ‘Dwarka’ means ‘door’ or ‘gate’ in Sanskrit, so this ancient port city could have been a gate for foreign sailors who arrived in India.