The idea of moving animals and plants across the world is not a new one. The ancient Romans frequently brought back exotic animals from far-off lands for exhibition and, often, for entertainment in the Colosseum. Early explorers and botanists collected specimens and transported them home for further study and display. With the advent of globalisation, the movement of foreign species has accelerated. Millions of people travel across the globe every day, as well as thousands of ships, planes, trains, trucks and cars, often taking known, or unknown, stowaways along for the ride.
Modifiable risk factors include unhealthy diets (excessive salt consumption, a diet high in saturated fat and trans fats, low intake of fruits and vegetables), physical inactivity, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and being overweight or obese.
Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of hypertension, age over 65 years and co-existing diseases such as diabetes or kidney disease.
The Silent Years The Globe Zip
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Modifiable risk factors include unhealthy diets (excessive salt consumption, a diet high in saturated fat and trans fats, low intake of fruits and vegetables), physical inactivity, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and being overweight or obese.
Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of hypertension, age over 65 years and co-existing diseases such as diabetes or kidney disease.
Silent Brain syndrome (SBS) is a rare disorder that generally occurs in patients with a history of childhood hydrocephalus treated with VPS. The incidence of SBS is rare and limited to case series and reports.[2][3][4][5] The average age of shunting in patients with SBS is 12 years (range infancy-25 years).[6] The mean age of symptom onset is 20.4 years, and the mean age of presentation to the ophthalmologist is 27.5 years. [2] No racial or gender predilection has been identified but a recent study found a slight male predominance with a male to female ratio of 3:2.
The orbit is a cone-shaped cavity composed of a strong bony rim and relatively weak orbital walls that surround and protect the eye. Fat, muscle, connective tissue, and neuro-vasculature fill the extraconal and intraconal spaces that surround the globes. The frontal bone forms the orbital roof and floor of the anterior cranial fossa and is concave in contour. The floor is composed of sphenoid and the orbital process of both the maxillary and palatine bones, which slopes upward posteriorly and medially. The medial wall is formed by the frontal process of the maxilla, lesser wing of the sphenoid, the ethmoid bone, and the lacrimal bone. The lateral wall is composed of the frontal and zygomatic bones facially and the greater wing of the sphenoid apically. The bones at the apex of the orbit are generally the strongest and thickest. There is thinning of the bones as the walls of the orbit move anteriorly until the bones thicken again to form the rims of the globe.[7] Changes in the pressure gradients within the calvarium can alter the bony anatomy of the developing orbit in a child leading to SBS.
The extraconal space lies within the orbit outside the musculofacial cone and contains the lacrimal gland, orbital fat, muscle, connective and neurovascular tissue.[8] These structures are critical in maintaining the position of the globe and facilitating extraocular movements of the eye. Loss of intraconal or extraconal fat is a well-known mechanism of nontraumatic enophthalmos and can also be seen in patients with SBS.
The anatomy of the upper and lower eyelids is essential in protecting the eyes by maintaining proper closure and lubrication of the eye. Poor apposition of the eyelids to the globe, as is seen in SBS, disrupts the normal function of the eyelids leading to a variety of pathological states.
CT of the orbit is the imaging modality of choice to demonstrate the bony anatomy; however, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be recommended in children to decrease radiation exposure. In SBS, CT scan can reveal a normal size globe with enophthalmos, air entrapment of the upper eyelid, and bowing of the orbital roof.[13]
Early identification of intracranial hypotension due to VPS and correction of intracranial pressure may halt disease progression or prevent future SBS in young patients being treated with hydrocephalus. Typically, patients with silent brain syndrome have an extensive past medical history that warrants a multidisciplinary approach with general medicine, ophthalmology, oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery, and neurosurgery.
Surgical management is utilized to address asymmetric globe position to enhance appearance aesthetically, increase visual field, improve depth perception and image magnification, and additionally address corneal complications with improved lid apposition. The goal of SBS surgery is to develop symmetry in globe positions. This can be done by moving the globe forward, moving the eyelids backwards, or a combination of both. Orbital augmentation is most commonly used, either with an orbital floor or roof implant. [14]Additionally, lid apposition can be improved solely by orbital augmentation or by tightening the eyelids by repositioning the medial and/or lateral canthal tendons. Once final globe positions are achieved, patient may undergo strabismus surgery to improve extra-ocular movement and alignment for any residual diplopia.
Follow up of SBS patients varies based on the severity of enophthalmos and are individualized to the patient. If a patient has enophthalmos that can be improved with one surgery, follow up may range from 6 months to 1 year after the initial postoperative period as the globe settles into its final position. Ocular lubrication methods employed pre-operatively should be continued.
Sixty years have passed since Silent Spring hit the shelves; 50 since the EPA outlawed DDT; and 20 years since most nations banned it and other persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention. The result: Many of the birds most threatened by DDT made miraculous comebacks.
Land used for agriculture increased sixfold over the past 300 years and now affects more than 1,000 globally threatened avian species, says Haskell. The greatest destruction is in the tropics, driven by commodities: timber, paper, palm oil, soy, sugar, beef and others, produced at industrial scale.
The silent type check valve is built with stainless trim to give years of trouble free operation. The silent type check valve can be installed in either horizontal or vertical pipelines that carry clean water or air. This valve is not intended to carry fluids containing solids such as raw sewage or wastewater. This valve is not suited for fluids that contain hazardous gases. The silent type check valve is designed to provide flow in the direction of the arrow marked on the outside nameplate, and instantaneously close upon sensing flow reversal. The nameplate will also indicate valve size, model number, working pressure and materials of construction.
Generation X describes people born from 1965 through 1980. The label overtook the first name affixed to this generation: the Baby Bust. In part, this generation is defined by the relatively low birth rates in these years compared with the Baby Boom generation that preceded them and the Millennial generation that followed them. The label for this generation was popularized by a 1991 book by Douglas Coupland titled, Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture.
Over the past seven years, the share of the U.S. population that does not identify with an organized religion has grown since 2007. Much of this change has occurred due to generational replacement; the youngest adults who are aging into the population are more likely to be religiously unaffiliated than the oldest adults they are replacing.
When people in the United States hear the word pneumonia, they tend to think of the elderly and hospital infections. But this \"silent killer\" is actually the No. 1 cause of death for kids in the developing world, killing more children than AIDS, malaria and measles combined.A new vaccine could dramatically decrease the number of pneumonia deaths by immunizing against pneumococcal disease, the most common cause of pneumonia. Pneumococcal disease currently takes the lives of more than a million people every year -- including more than half a million children before their fifth birthday -- according to the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization.Today, Kenya is the first African country to roll-out this pneumococcal vaccine, which is specially tailored to meet the needs of children in developing countries. Nicaragua, Guyana, Yemen and Sierra Leone will also be using the vaccine.The speed at which it was released sets the pneumococcal vaccine apart from the crowd.Normally, it takes 10 to 15 years for a vaccine to reach poor nations. The new pneumococcal vaccine, however, was used in Nicaragua in 2010, the same year as the United States. Considering that 90 percent of the 2 million child pneumonia deaths each year occur in the developing world, this is a major accomplishment with potential to save thousands of lives, according to experts. Find out how to make a difference for mothers and babies around the world with the Million Moms Challenge.The vaccine launch was engineered by GAVI, a public-private body that brings together United Nations agencies, the World Bank, philanthropists, the vaccine industry and research agencies to improve children's health through immunization.Nearly $3 billion pledged by Italy, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Russian Federation, Norway, GAVI and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation allowed the vaccine rollout, using a simple but novel approach. Donors committed money in advance, so that vaccine manufacturers would have a financial incentive to make the vaccine, and also keep the price of the vaccines low -- $3.50 for governments in the developing world, as opposed to $70 in the United States.
Joseph Kosciw, Ph.D.Director of Research
Pronouns: He/HimDr. Joseph Kosciw is Director of the GLSEN Research Institute. GLSEN is recognized worldwide as an innovative leader in the education, youth development and civil rights sectors fighting to end bias-based bullying, violence and discrimination in K-12 schools and promote a culture of respect for all. For nearly two decades, the GLSEN Research Institute has supported the organization's mission by conducting original research on issues of sexual orientation and gender identity/expression in K-12 education and evaluating GLSEN programs and initiatives. The Institute also provides technical assistance to local GLSEN chapters and other safe school advocates in the U.S. who wish to conduct research on LGBTQ student experiences, and houses GLSEN's international initiatives which provide technical assistance to NGO and education leaders on LGBT issues in education across the globe. be457b7860
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