The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus, which occurs when the federal government collects more money than it spends. The U.S. has experienced a fiscal year-end budget surplus five times in the last 50 years, most recently in 2001.

I recently saw a Ben Finegold lecture in which he said that he thought it was better for chess as a spectator sport if games ended in mate rather than resignation so I decided to look up when it last happened at the very top level. Do people have any opinion on this?


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Hilary was a category 4 hurricane on Friday but was expected to weaken to a category 1 before making landfall in Baja California, Mexico, according to current models, which could change. By the time it reaches San Diego County on Sunday or Monday, Hilary will likely be a powerful tropical storm, NBC 7 Meteorologist Sheena Parveen said.

The last time a tropical storm made landfall in Southern California was in 1939 when a storm system moved ashore in Long Beach after losing hurricane strength. The storm had sustained wind speeds of 50 mph and brought more than 5 inches of rain to Los Angeles in a 24-hour period. The storm caused death and significant destruction to the area.

Even more rare was the last time a hurricane reached San Diego County. That last happened more than 150 years ago on Oct. 2, 1858, when a hurricane later called the San Diego Hurricane hit the county with sustained wind speeds of 75 mph. Those winds lasted several hours, according to the National Weather Service, and blew the roofs off homes, knocked down trees and beached several boats.

Other storms that were at one point on their path tropical storms or hurricanes have moved onshore to bring remnants to San Diego County, but none were categorized as tropical storms at the time of their arrival in San Diego.

That's why, for the first time this season, the National Weather Service in Los Angeles and San Diego will have the ability to issue alerts for tropical storms and hurricanes. On Friday, the first-ever Tropical Storm Watch was issued for Southern California due to Hilary.

The more we overshoot what natural processes can remove in a given year, the faster the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide rises. In the 1960s, the global growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide was roughly 0.8 0.1 ppm per year. Over the next half century, the annual growth rate tripled, reaching 2.4 ppm per year during the 2010s. The annual rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 60 years is about 100 times faster than previous natural increases, such as those that occurred at the end of the last ice age 11,000-17,000 years ago.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in parts per million (ppm) for the past 800,000 years based on ice-core data (light purple line) compared to 2022 concentration (bright purple dot). The peaks and valleys in the line show ice ages (low CO2) and warmer interglacials (higher CO2). Throughout that time, CO2 was never higher than 300 ppm (light purple dot, between 300,000 and 400,000 years ago). The increase over the last 60 years is 100 times faster than previous natural increases. In fact, on the geologic time scale, the increase from the end of the last ice age to the present (dashed purple line) looks virtually instantaneous. Graph by NOAA Climate.gov based on data from Lthi, et al., 2008, via NOAA NCEI Paleoclimatology Program.

Collins, M., R. Knutti, J. Arblaster, J.-L. Dufresne, T. Fichefet, P. Friedlingstein, X. Gao, W.J. Gutowski, T. Johns, G. Krinner, M. Shongwe, C. Tebaldi, A.J. Weaver and M. Wehner, 2013: Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

Although "The Last Time" is credited to Jagger/Richards, the song's chorus is identical, in melody and lyrics, to "This May Be the Last Time", a traditional gospel song recorded in 1954 by the Staple Singers. In 2003, Richards acknowledged this,[4] saying, "We came up with 'The Last Time', which was basically re-adapting a traditional gospel song that had been sung by the Staple Singers, but luckily the song itself goes back into the mists of time." The Rolling Stones' song has a verse melody and a hook (a distinctive guitar riff) that were both absent in the Staple Singers' version. Phil Spector, whose "Wall of Sound" approach can be heard on the recording, assisted with the production.

The songs were rush recorded and the record appeared in shops in only one week. However, by the time the single was made available, Jagger and Richards had been released. As John Entwistle was away on his honeymoon he authorised the Who to do the record without him and bass parts were overdubbed by Pete Townshend.[citation needed] The UK-only release reached number 44 on the UK Singles Chart.[27]

The last time global carbon dioxide levels were consistently at or above 400 parts per million (ppm) was around four million years ago during a geological period known as the Pliocene Era (between 5.3 million and 2.6 million years ago). The world was about 3C warmer and sea levels were higher than today.

We know how much carbon dioxide the atmosphere contained in the past by studying ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. As compacted snow gradually changes to ice, it traps air in bubbles that contain samples of the atmosphere at the time. We can sample ice cores to reconstruct past concentrations of carbon dioxide, but this record only takes us back about a million years.

Powell, the current chair of the Fed, has vowed to bring down inflation. He said last month the central bank expects additional rate increases will prove necessary to dial back inflation to its target rate of 2%.

So, generally, what you want to see is the atime of a file. You can get that with stat or with ls. You can use ls -lu to do this, although I prefer to use ls -l --time=atime (which should be supported in almost all modern Linux distributions) because I don't use it often, and when I do I can remember it better. And to sort by time, add the -t flag to ls. So there you go.

There is a big caveat, though. Updating the atime every time a file is read causes a lot of usually-unnecessary IO, slowing everything down. So, most Linux distributions now default to the noatime filesystem mount option, which basically kills atimes, or else relatime, which only updates atimes once a limit has passed (normally once per day) or if the file was actually modified since the previous read. You can find if these options are active by running the mount command.

Here, I've created a file, and then copied it to a temporary file, and then moved that back. This changes the "birth" time. Is that right? Maybe! I'm not sure that's really useful, at least not for humans. But anyway, for completeness: that's a thing you might have available on a modern system.

If your listing is for human consumption, use ls with one of the date sorting flags (-tu for access (read) time, just -t for modification (write) time or -tc for inode change time). See mattdm's answer for more information (in particular the caveat regarding -a and the definition of -c).

If this is for program consumption, parsing the output of ls is problematic. If your shell is zsh, you don't need ls anyway: zsh has globbing qualifiers to sort the matches by increasing access (*(Oa)), inode change (*(Oc)) or modification (*(Om)) time. A lowercase o sorts by increasing age.

In overtime, the Wolverines struck first on a 17-yard touchdown run by Blake Corum, his 26th score this season, tying Al Herrnstein (1902) for the most in a season in Michigan history. Then, Michigan stopped Jalen Milroe and Alabama on 4th-and-goal at the three-yard-line to secure the win.

Since then, Michigan has a win-loss record of 85-25 and has won three consecutive Big Ten Championships. Under Harbaugh, the Wolverines have defeated their biggest rivals, the Ohio State Buckeyes, in three straight seasons for the first time since 1995-1997. But, most importantly, they've now secured a National Championship berth.

The last time the amount of debt held by the public shrank was back in 2001, according to Wendy Edelberg, a senior fellow in economic studies at the Brookings Institution and director of the Hamilton Project, an economic policy initiative.

I use /var/cache/apt to determine if I need to run apt-get update. By default, if the difference between the current time and cache time of /var/cache/apt is less than 24 hr, I don't need to run apt-get update. The default update interval can be overridden by passing a number to function runAptGetUpdate()

Following the surprise attack launched by Hamas militants, hundreds of thousands of Israeli forces are gathering along the border of Gaza.


All signs suggest an Israeli ground invasion of the Palestinian territory is imminent. The last time this happened was in 2014.


NPR's Mary Louise Kelly speaks with reporter Gregg Carlstrom, who covered that conflict, to hear what we might expect if Israel invades Gaza again in the coming days.


Email us at considerthis@npr.org


All-time low temperature records were broken or threatened. Waco dropped to an astounding -4 on December 23, 1989, just one degree shy of the all-time record low set in 1949. I remember reporting the current remperature on the 10 p.m. newscast the night before and it was only 9 degrees.

If you're talking about DML operations (insert, update, delete), then you either need to persist what that DMV gives you on a regular basis, or you need to create triggers on all tables to record that "last modified" date - or check out features like Change Data Capture in SQL Server 2008 and newer.

I'm monitoring table updates per project, so I'm using INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES. But TABLES only have "creation time", don't have anymore LAST_MODIFIED_TIME like in INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA. I tried to monitor with TABLES_STORAGE_BY_PROJECT > STORAGE_LAST_MODIFIED_TIME but the result is different from the Last Modified Time from the Details when I see manually the table in Big Query. 006ab0faaa

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