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Developed from the authors' highly successful annual imaging physics review course, this new Second Edition gives readers a clear, fundamental understanding of the theory and applications of physics in radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiobiology. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, Second Edition provides key coverage of the clinical implications of technical principles--making this book great for board review.


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Ideal for study, review, or self-assessment, The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging Study Guide is an easy-to-use, image-rich resource for learning and retaining core information in the physics of medical imaging, radiation protection, and radiation biology. Based on The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, 4th Edition textbook (widely regarded as the cornerstone text in the field), this study guide by Jerrold T. Bushberg, PhD, and J. Anthony Seibert, PhD, can be used as a supplement to the textbook or as a stand-alone concise review tool to focus on the most important aspects of the field. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging Study Guide includes numerous vibrant full-color charts, graphs, and superb illustrations reinforcing central concepts. It's a must-have resource for medical imaging professionals, teachers, and medical physics and biomedical engineering students, especially radiology residents preparing for certification exams. The study guide is perfect for anyone who needs a reliable, up-to-date review of the physics behind current medical imaging modalities and medical informatics, key concepts in radiation protection, regulatory requirements, dose optimization, and an up-to-date review of the biological effects of radiation exposure.

You should consider joining the MedPhys and MedPhysUSA Listservers as they not only host valuable medical physics discussion topics but also potential job opportunities. MedPhys is the global medical physics listserver and MedPhysUSA is intended to be a supplement to MedPhys and provides a forum for domestic issues. The listserver resides here at Wayne State University, and is a donated resource of the university. It is *not* affiliated with the AAPM or any other society in any way, although the majority of subscribers are AAPM members. You can subscribe to either or both by emailing the command "subscribe MedPhys" and/or "subscribe MedPhysUSA" to LISTSERV@lists.wayne.edu. Once subscribed, instructions for use will be emailed to you.

Fundamentals of the four most-important clinical medical imaging modalities: X-ray, Ultrasound, Radionuclide, and MRI. The primary focus is on the physical principles, instrumentation methods, and imaging algorithms, however the medical interpretation of images, and the clinical, research and ethical issues in medical imaging are also included where possible to give students a deeper understanding of the development and applications of medical imaging.

The book opens with overviews of image production, basic mathematics and imaging physics, followed by detailed chapters on the physics relevant to producing diagnostic images using X-rays and digital technologies. The content has been updated throughout and includes a new chapter on CT imaging and additional material on radioactivity, dosimetry, and imaging display and manipulation.

Marcus Elkington is a senior lecturer in Diagnostic Imaging at Sheffield Hallam University. He has a great interest in imaging and physics related to diagnostic radiography and has been helping students understand physics for many years. Marcus feels there is a place for a pocket physics book produced in a student-friendly format that is aimed

specifically at the core topic areas surrounding general radiographic imaging.

The first chapter is an overall review of medical imaging. It includes a historical review covering CT, MR imaging, and nuclear medicine technology. On the basis of rapidly evolving applications in functional MR imaging and positron emission tomography (PET), the authors correctly state that medical imaging has evolved from a technology-driven discipline to one of clinical demands and unresolved biological questions important to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This new emphasis encourages new imaging methods and approaches.

Three somewhat comprehensive chapters are dedicated to sonography. Coverage in these chapters include not only basic sonography and Doppler physics but also discussions on transducer design and beam-intensity envelopes as well as the expected coverage on linear and phased arrays. What is missing, however, is mention of the recently evolving applications of nonlinear technology, harmonic, and power imaging and contrast media effects. Color flow and sonography artifact discussion is brief. Three chapters are also dedicated to MR imaging. These MR imaging chapters provide a very basic introduction to MR imaging physics and spectroscopy. Included are sections on magnet types, bioeffects, and site planning. The interested reader would have to go to the specialized sources for more in-depth discussions on pulse sequences, MR angiography, and fast imaging.

There are two excellent chapters on radiobiology followed by two comprehensive chapters on radiation safety. Patient radiation dose is of great concern to the neuroradiologist. This is due to the necessity for extended time neurointerventional procedures and the escalating doses resulting from CT fluoroscopy, multisection CT, and three-dimensional imaging techniques. These chapters include not only the basic principles of radiobiology, but also very useful reviews on dose-response models and radiation risk estimates. The radiation safety chapters cover protection from external and internal sources of radiation. The external sources chapter describes effective dose limits for radiation workers and for the general public. Of great value and interest is the section on patient dose estimation for both radiography and for fluoroscopy. Included are very useful tables showing radiation doses to the skin and the embryo or fetus. Also included is in-depth coverage of barrier shielding design of facilities. Although neuroradiologists may not actually perform such calculations, this section does make clear the factors involved that determine final barrier thicknesses needed and the resultant costs. The internal sources chapter is heavily loaded with radiation dose mathematical calculations, more than what a clinical neuroradiologist would normally care to wade through. This presentation, however, is consistent with what a general medical physics text is expected to cover.

In addition to the basic physics sections, the Image Perception, Radiation Safety and Radiobiology sections were quite comprehensive; however, due to the very introductory coverage of CT, MR imaging, digital fluoroscopy, image processing, and PET, the interested reader will have to go to other more specialized sources for detailed in-depth discussions concerning these topics. The authors facilitate this by providing an abundant bibliography. The bibliography itself is specific for text citations; more references to recent review articles would have been highly welcomed.

Overall this text was found to be an excellent, first-stop resource on basic medical physics imaging technology. It is an introduction to basic radiologic physics typical of texts catering to the needs of radiology residents. It also covers the basic physics and introduction to the various imaging modalities of interest to the neuroradiologist and is therefore recommended for this purpose.

Introduction to biomedical imaging.

Basic concepts of image quality: contrast and spatial resolution. The X-ray tube: Physical principles of operation and its components.

Factors that influence the production of X-rays. The concepts of quantity, quality and exposure of an X-ray beam. Effective size of the focal spot and its variation in the plane of the image. Anodic effect (Heel). Filtering. Peculiarities of the mammography tube: filtering with anode in Molybdenum and Rhodium.

 The geometric principles of projective radiology. The reinforcement screens, materials and construction features. The radiographic film and the concept of optical density, H&D curve

The compromise between dose and contrast in radiology. The role of diffuse radiation in projective radiology and the relative contrast reduction. The anti-diffusion grids: the physical principles and characteristics, the grid ratio and the Bucky factor. Digital radiology. Physical characteristics of CR systems and related construction technologies (photostimulable phosphors and laser reading systems). The CCDs.

 Indirect conversion TFT-flat panel systems. Direct conversion digital radiological systems. The physical principles of image intensifiers, The components of image intensifiers, Fluoroscopy.

Computerized axial tomography: physical principles and technology. The synogram and notes on the filtered rear projection. Nuclear medicine imaging equipment: Scintillation detectors, the photomultiplier

 The camera range and the collimators with parallel and pinhole holes. Principles of operation of the SPECT.


This course is about medical imaging and how it can be applied to study the human body in health and disease. The course deals with various methods that are common in both clinical practice and in medical research to study organ function and detect diseases. The course introduces general image properties and common reconstruction and analysis techniques. The course then deals with the four major imaging modalities: X-ray / computed tomography, nuclear medicine with emphasis on positron emission tomography (PET), ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For each imaging modality, an overview of the instrumentation and relevant physics theory is given. A significant part of the course is devoted to algorithms used in the analysis of medical images. 17dc91bb1f

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