A terrarium (pl.: terraria or terrariums) is usually a sealable glass container containing soil and plants that can be opened for maintenance to access the plants inside; however, terraria can also be open to the atmosphere. Terraria are often kept as ornamental items.
A closed terrarium's transparent walls allow heat and light to enter, creating a unique environment for plant growth. Heat entering the sealed container allows the creation of a small water cycle due to evaporating moisture from the soil and plants. The water vapor then condenses onto the walls of the container, eventually falling back onto the plants and soil below. Light passing through the transparent walls, allowing photosynthesis, with the constant water supply provide an ideal environment for plants. Open terraria are not sealed and are better suited to plants requiring a more arid environment.
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The first terrarium was developed by botanist Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward in 1842.[1] Ward had an interest in observing insect behaviour and accidentally left one of his jars unattended. A fern spore in the jar grew and germinated into a plant, becoming the first known terrarium. The trend quickly spread in the Victorian Era amongst the English. Instead of the terrarium, it was known as the Wardian case.[2]
Tropical plant varieties, such as moss, orchids, ferns, and air plants are generally kept within closed terraria to replicate their native humid, sheltered environment in the tropics.[1] Keeping the terrarium sealed allows for circulation of water, making the terrarium self-sufficient. The terrarium may be opened once a week, allowing evaporation of excess moisture from the air and walls of the container, to prevent growth of mold or algae, which may damage plants and discolor the sides of the terrarium.[5] Springtails may be used to consume mold or fungi within the terrarium.
Closed terraria benefit from specific soil mixes to ensure ideal growing conditions and reduce risk of microbial damage; a common medium used is peat-lite: a mixture of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite.[5] The mixture should be sterile to minimize risk of introducing potentially harmful microbes to the terrarium.[5]
An open terrarium should not be confused with a dish garden. A terrarium, even open, allows for increased humidity compared to the environment outside the structure, whereas a dish garden does not provide additional humidity. Due to the transparent walls of terraria causing magnification of the sun's rays, terraria cannot be placed in direct sunlight because the intense light will cause foliage to burn. A dish garden can tolerate direct sun, as long as it is planted with full sun-tolerant plants.[7] Succulents and cacti are better suited for a dish garden than a terrarium because dish gardens allow succulents and cacti to be placed in the full sun they require without burning.[8]
The longest lifespan of a terrarium is about two to four years--sometimes a lot longer--depending on conditions and whether it's sealed or open. Some say closed terrariums can last indefinitely. There are anecdotal stories about sealed terrariums that have lasted for more than 50 years."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "Why do you need a charcoal layer in a terrarium?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "A layer of activated charcoal will help absorb moisture, odors, bacteria, and any toxins in the terrarium."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "Do I need to put bugs in my terrarium?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "It is optional to add the correct beneficial insects to your terrarium, but the plants can still grow very healthy without them. Placing certain insects, like springtails, in a closed terrarium can tackle the mold and other issues in the container, but it's not necessary. Other insects, such as spiders, may not survive in a closed terrarium."}}]}]}] Skip to contentbuttonbuttonVisit The Spruce's homepageĀ Ā NewslettersClose search formOpen search formEnter your search termSearch DecorRoom DesignDecoratingDesign StylesSmall SpacesFeng Shui See allĀ GardenPlants A to ZHouseplantsLandscapingPests & ProblemsWild BirdsIn the Weeds With Plant PeopleThe Spruce Gardening Review Board See allĀ Home ImprovementSkills & SpecialtiesPaintingKitchenBathroomInterior RemodelExteriorsOutdoor BuildingHome ServicesGreen ImprovementsThe Spruce Home Improvement Review Board See allĀ CleaningCleaningOrganizingLaundryPest ControlThe Spruce Cleaning Review Board See allĀ CelebrationsEvents & PartiesEtiquette & AdviceBirthdays See allĀ What to BuyHow We Test ProductsBeddingFurnitureVacuumsBest GiftsCleaning Products See allĀ NewsHome TrendsBrands & CollectionsSales & DealsHouse ToursPerspectives"One Thing" Video SeriesIn the Weeds With Plant People See allĀ About UsEditorial PolicyProduct TestingDiversity & InclusionGardening Review BoardHome Improvement Review BoardCleaning Review Board See all Learn tips for creating your most beautiful (and bountiful) garden ever.SubscribeĀ Ā About UsNewsletterPress and MediaContact UsEditorial GuidelinesGardeningGardening BasicsContainer GardeningHow to Make a Basic TerrariumThese Miniature Gardens Only Need Minimal Care
A terrarium is an indoor gardening container that holds plants. It is usually made of glass that is fully or partially enclosed to allow heat and light to enter and confine moisture. The term "terrarium" is comprised of the Latin words "terra" (earth) plus "arium" (place or receptacle).
If the terrarium has a narrow opening, use chopsticks, tongs, or long tweezers to place the plants into the terrarium and pat them in. Take a tip from Tovah Martin's book, "The New Terrarium," and put a cork on the end of a skewer or chopstick to tamp down the soil.
The longest lifespan of a terrarium is about two to four years--sometimes a lot longer--depending on conditions and whether it's sealed or open. Some say closed terrariums can last indefinitely. There are anecdotal stories about sealed terrariums that have lasted for more than 50 years.
It is optional to add the correct beneficial insects to your terrarium, but the plants can still grow very healthy without them. Placing certain insects, like springtails, in a closed terrarium can tackle the mold and other issues in the container, but it's not necessary. Other insects, such as spiders, may not survive in a closed terrarium.
With an indoor terrarium planter, you can welcome a part of your garden into your home. Compact and durable, a terrarium is the perfect accent for any room. With both open terrariums and closed terrariums available, the options for plants inside are endless. A glass terrarium can be used for succulents, but glass containers are also a great option for tropical plants as a closed terrarium retains humidity.
The right terrarium design can introduce miniature plants and an air of grace to any decor. This Barrel Vault Wardian Terrarium has an antique terrarium feel, which will make your garden terrarium display feel ageless and enduring.
This tabletop Wardian terrarium looks amazing on desks, tables, and bookshelves. The glass terrarium simple to set up, and easy to maintain, making it effortless to decorate your space with terrarium plants.
A terrarium is a tightly closed, clear glass or plastic container filled with small plants (Figure 1). It also has come to mean an open, transparent container for growing and displaying plants. Terrariums are most useful for small plants that do not adapt well to normal home atmospheres. When properly planted and located, they provide a novel way to grow many plants with minimal care.
The use of transparent containers for growing plants dates back at least 2,500 years in Greece. In the United States, terrarium culture is believed to have originated in New England, where housewives placed squawberry (partridge berry) plants in handblown glass bowls.
The invention of the terrarium as we know it is credited to Dr. N.B. Ward, a 19th-century London physician. A plant enthusiast, Ward was interested in growing many types of ferns in his backyard but had not been successful. While studying a sphinx moth emerging from a chrysalis he had buried in moist earth in a closed bottle, he was amazed to see a seedling fern and some grass growing inside. He watched them grow for four years, during which time not one drop of water was added nor was the cover removed.
Closed, open or dish garden?
The first step in planning a terrarium is to decide whether it will be open (no lid or cover) or closed. Closed terrariums retain the most humidity, followed by open terrariums and then dish gardens. Open terrariums and dish gardens require more frequent watering than do closed, but danger of disease buildup is greater in the latter because of higher humidity.
Containers
A terrarium container should be made from clear glass or plastic. Tinted or cloudy glass greatly reduces light transmittance and interferes with plant growth. As long as it is clear, almost any type of container may be used: an empty fish bowl, fish tank, brandy snifter, old glass jar, jug, bottle. Containers specially designed for use as terrariums are also available.
Closed containers should have transparent covers. Containers with small openings also are quite satisfactory. Containers with large openings without covers can be used but will require more frequent watering to maintain the high humidity needed by some plants. However, open terrariums are drier and less subject to disease. Containers with low sides are suitable for dish gardens and need not be transparent. 17dc91bb1f
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