Tooth Decay
aka caries, cavity, rot, hole
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Tooth Decay is damage to your tooth caused by plaque and sugar
If left untreated, cavities can get bigger and more complex to treat
What is it
What is it
Tooth decay is the process where bacteria in the mouth produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel and dentin, leading to holes or structural damage
Cause
Cause
Your mouth is full of bacteria, which combine with small food particles and saliva to form a sticky film known as plaque that builds up on your teeth.
When you consume food and drink that is high in carbohydrates (sugary or starchy), the bacteria in plaque turn the carbohydrates into the energy they need, producing acid at the same time.
Over time, the acid in plaque begins to break down the surface of your tooth. Left untreated, the plaque can destroy the outside of the tooth, causing pain and potentially exposing the nerve inside.
Progression
Progression
Stages of Tooth Decay:
Stages of Tooth Decay:
Enamel Demineralization. Acids from bacteria begin dissolving the outer enamel layer, often appearing as white spots.
Plaque Buildup. Sugars and starches feed bacteria, forming sticky plaque on teeth.
Enamel Decay. Continued acid exposure breaks down enamel, creating a small cavity.
Dentin Decay. Decay reaches the softer dentin layer beneath enamel, potentially causing pain and deeper damage.
Pulp Involvement. Bacteria invade the pulp (nerves and blood vessels), leading to pain, inflammation, and possible infection.
Abscess Formation. Infection can spread to the root tip, causing a painful abscess (pus-filled swelling).
Tooth Loss or Extraction. Without timely treatment, the tooth may become unrestorable and require removal.
Is tooth decay reversible?
Is tooth decay reversible?
No. Your teeth are one of the few areas of your body that are not able to repair themselves. Therefore, tooth decay cannot repair itself.
Signs & Symptoms
Signs & Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of tooth decay can vary depending on the progression of the disease.
White or brown spots. Early sign of enamel demineralization.
Discoloration. Brown, black, or gray stains on the tooth.
Tooth Sensitivity. Discomfort to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods/drinks.
Toothache. Intermittent or constant pain, especially when chewing.
Visible Holes. Cavities that can be seen in the mirror or felt with the tongue
Bad Breath. Persistent bad breath (halitosis) or a bad taste in the mouth.
Swelling or Pus. Signs of infection if decay reaches the pulp or forms an abscess.
Treatment
Treatment
The most common way of treating tooth decay is with a filing.
If the decay is extensive, a Crown/Onlay may be needed.
If the decay has reached the pulp, Root Canal Treatment will be needed.
Aggravating factors
Aggravating factors
Inadequate cleaning
High sugar diet
Orthodontic appliances
Misaligned and crowded teeth
Prescription medications - that have sugar or cause a dry mouth
Dry mouth
Exposed roots
Prevention
Prevention
To prevent tooth decay, practice good oral hygiene, including brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and cleaning between your teeth once a day. Reduce sugar intake, especially between meals, and consider using fluoride mouthwash in the middle of the day. Regular dental check-up's and visiting the dental hygienist are also crucial.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
1. Brushing and Flossing:
Brush your teeth at least twice a day, using a fluoride toothpaste.
Clean in-between your teeth, where a toothbrush can't reach.
Consider using an electric toothbrush, as it may be easier to use.
2. Dietary Choices:
Limit sugary foods and drinks, as they provide fuel for the bacteria that cause decay.
Reduce how often you consume sugary items, and if you do, try to have them with meals rather than as snacks.
Choose water over sugary drinks.
Substitute sugar for sweeteners in tea and coffee.
Consider chewing sugar-free gum after meals to stimulate saliva production, which helps neutralize acids and protect teeth.
Ensure your diet includes calcium-rich foods (like dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods) and foods high in fibre, which can promote saliva production and help fight tooth decay.
3. Fluoride:
Use fluoride toothpaste and consider fluoride mouthwash to strengthen tooth enamel and make it more resistant to acid attacks.
If your area doesn't have fluoridated water, talk to your dentist about other ways to get fluoride, such as using fluoride supplements or varnish.
4. Dental Check-ups:
Regular dental check-ups are essential for early detection and prevention of tooth decay.
Your dentist can identify areas of concern, provide personalized advice, and apply professional fluoride treatments if needed.
5. Other Considerations:
If you experience dry mouth, talk to your dentist about ways to manage it, as saliva plays a crucial role in protecting teeth.
By consistently practicing these habits, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing tooth decay and maintain a healthy smile.
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