Washing hands with soap and water is the best way to get rid of germs in most situations. If soap and water are not readily available, you can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. You can tell if the sanitizer contains at least 60% alcohol by looking at the product label.

Caution! Swallowing alcohol-based hand sanitizer can cause alcohol poisoning if more than a couple of mouthfuls are swallowed. Keep it out of reach of young children and supervise their use.


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Keeping hands clean is one of the most important steps we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others. Many diseases and conditions are spread by not washing hands with soap and clean, running water. CDC recommends cleaning hands in a specific way to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others. The guidance for effective handwashing and use of hand sanitizer was developed based on data from a number of studies.

Why? Because hands could become recontaminated if placed in a basin of standing water that has been contaminated through previous use, clean running water should be used 1. However, washing with non-potable water when necessary may still improve health 3. The temperature of the water does not appear to affect microbe removal; however, warmer water may cause more skin irritation and is more environmentally costly 4-6.

Using soap to wash hands is more effective than using water alone because the surfactants in soap lift soil and microbes from skin, and people tend to scrub hands more thoroughly when using soap, which further removes germs 2,3,7,8.

Why? Lathering and scrubbing hands creates friction, which helps lift dirt, grease, and microbes from skin. Microbes are present on all surfaces of the hand, often in particularly high concentration under the nails, so the entire hand should be scrubbed 11-15.

Why? Determining the optimal length of time for handwashing is difficult because few studies about the health impacts of altering handwashing times have been done. Of those that exist, nearly all have measured reductions in overall numbers of microbes, only a small proportion of which can cause illness, and have not measured impacts on health. Solely reducing numbers of microbes on hands is not necessarily linked to better health 16. The optimal length of time for handwashing is also likely to depend on many factors, including the type and amount of soil on the hands and the setting of the person washing hands. For example, surgeons are likely to come into contact with disease-causing germs and risk spreading serious infections to vulnerable patients, so they may need to wash hands longer than someone preparing their own lunch at home. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that washing hands for about 15-30 seconds removes more germs from hands than washing for shorter periods 15, 17, 18.

Why? Germs can be transferred more easily to and from wet hands; therefore, hands should be dried after washing 15, 19. However, the best way to dry hands remains unclear because few studies about hand drying exist, and the results of these studies conflict. Additionally, most of these studies compare overall concentrations of microbes, not just disease-causing germs, on hands following different hand-drying methods. It has not been shown that removing microbes from hands is linked to better health 16. Nonetheless, studies suggest that using a clean towel or air drying hands are best 18, 20, 21.

This leaflet has been produced to give you general information about your injury. Most of your questions should be answered by this leaflet. It is not intended to replace the discussion between you and the healthcare team, but may act as a starting point for discussion. If after reading it you have any concerns or require further explanation, please discuss this with a member of the healthcare team.

The term soft tissue refers to muscles, ligaments and tendons that surround and support our joints. Injuries to the soft tissue around the wrist and hand can occur due to a fall, overuse or direct impact.

To manage your pain it is advised that you regularly take simple pain relief which can be bought over the counter. If you have allergies or conditions which prevent the use of pain relieving or anti-inflammatory medication, please seek advice from your doctor or a pharmacist.

You may have been given a tubigrip to wear to help control your swelling. It is important this is removed if you develop any signs of poor circulation such as tingling, numbness, blueness of the skin of the hand and increasing pain. The tubigrip should be removed when you go to bed at night as when you are asleep you cannot monitor these symptoms.

If you have swelling in your wrist or hand sit on a chair and place your elbow on cushions so that it is level or slightly higher than your shoulder. In this position, point your hand towards the ceiling then open and close your hand as this will help to reduce any swelling further.

If you follow this basic advice your injury should take around 6 weeks to heal. However, everyone recovers from injuries at different rates and it is dependent on the severity of the injury and the presence of any other medical problems. It is possible that you may be back to normal in 2 weeks however it is also possible you may suffer symptoms for up to 3 months.

After 72 hours it is very important you try to start using your wrist and hand normally again when doing everyday tasks like washing, dressing and eating. The exercises below will help you to regain full function, flexibility and strength.

Repeat the same exercise as described above while touching your thumb to your middle finger, then your ring finger and finally your little finger. Each time hold the stretch 10 seconds.5. Support your elbow on a table with your wrist straight and fingers pointing towards the ceiling.

Repetitive wrist and hand movements and lifting objects heavier than a teacup should be avoided to begin with. However, as your movement improves and pain reduces, little by little you can increase the amount of weight that you are able to lift. Progressing from lifting a tea cup to a heavy shopping bag for example would not be advisable, as is likely to result in overloading of the soft tissue and could consequently lead to further injury.

If you participate in an active hobby then it is advised that you do not return to this until you have full strength, full range of movement and you can use your wrist normally without experiencing pain or swelling.

On occasions the clinician may wish to refer you to the physiotherapy team within the hospital trust. If this is the case they will advise you of this and you should receive an appointment at Hull Royal or Castle Hill Hospitals within 5 to 7 days of your attendance at the Emergency Department. If you have received no contact within this time please call the physiotherapy admin team on (01482) 674880.

If 10 days following your injury you are unable to use the wrist or hand and it remains painful and swollen, despite following the above advice, please contact the physiotherapy team that you were advised to contact in the section above.

FDA is working with U.S. government partners including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), medical product manufacturers, and international partners to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Find the most recent FDA updates on our Coronavirus Disease 2019 page.

Wash your hands often with plain soap and water. The CDC recommends washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. If soap and water are not available, the CDC recommends using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60 percent alcohol. Learn more about safely using hand sanitizer.

Q. Many surface cleaners and disinfectants say they can be used against SARS-CoV-2. What does this mean? Can I use these products on my hands or body to prevent or treat the virus?

A. Always follow the instructions on household cleaners. Do not use disinfectant sprays or wipes on your skin because they may cause skin and eye irritation. Disinfectant sprays or wipes are not intended for use on humans or animals. Disinfectant sprays or wipes are intended for use on hard, non-porous surfaces. Do not ingest or inhale disinfectant sprays.

Q. If I add alcohol to non-alcohol hand sanitizer, will this be better to prevent COVID-19? Can I make my own hand sanitizer?

A. No. Addition of alcohol to an existing non-alcohol hand sanitizer is unlikely to result in an effective product. There are no antiseptic drug products, including hand sanitizer, that are approved by FDA to prevent or treat COVID-19. FDA recommends that consumers do not make their own hand sanitizer. If made incorrectly, hand sanitizer can be ineffective, and there have been reports of skin burns from homemade hand sanitizer. The agency lacks verifiable information on the methods being used to prepare hand sanitizer at home and whether they are safe for use on human skin.

Q. Does FDA regulate all hand sanitizers? Do hand sanitizers come with product information on their labeling?

A. Hand sanitizers are over-the-counter (OTC) drugs regulated by FDA.

Q. Where should hand sanitizer be stored?

A. Hand sanitizer should be stored out of reach, and sight, of children. It should not be stored above 105F (for example, it should not be stored in a car during the summer months).

Q. Is hand sanitizer flammable?

A. Yes. Hand sanitizer is flammable and should be stored away from heat or flame. Hand sanitizer should be rubbed into the hands until they feel completely dry before continuing activities that may involve heat, sparks, static electricity, or open flames. ff782bc1db

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